浙江上山遗址剖面记录中更新世以来的环境演变
收稿日期: 2007-10-25
修回日期: 2008-11-27
网络出版日期: 2008-03-25
基金资助
国家重点基础研究发展规划(2003CB415201); 国家科技支撑计划项目课题(2006BAK21B02)
Environmental Change since Mid- Pleistocene Recorded in Shangshan Achaeological Site in Zhejiang
Received date: 2007-10-25
Revised date: 2008-11-27
Online published: 2008-03-25
Supported by
National Basic Research Program of China, No.2003CB415201; National Science and Technology Support Program, No.2006BAK21B02
通过对上山文化遗址的野外勘察、野外采样和室内粒度、磁化率、释光年代(OSL) 和 AMS14C 年代分析, 探讨了上山地区地貌演变过程, 分析了上山文化形成与发展的环境背景。 研究结果表明, 中更新世早期, 上山地区为河流相砾石层堆积, 中更新世晚期173 ka BP 左 右, 由于气候和海面变化及其新构造运动的影响, 形成了河流的二级阶地。而后阶地上接受 风尘堆积, 形成了中更新世晚期的网纹红土。晚更新世, 粉尘堆积加速, 堆积了厚约1 m 的 下蜀黄土。全新世(11.5 ka BP-) 开始, 气候转暖, 粉尘堆积速率降低, 上山台地上保存有命 名为“上山文化”的新石器遗址, 其年代为11400~8600 a BP, 遗址中发掘出大量陶器和石器 工具, 并发现有栽培水稻遗存, 这是迄今为止长江下游地区发现的最早新石器遗址, 是探索 该地区农业起源和新石器文化演化具有重要意义的地点。上山台地西侧低地经历了河流相— 湖沼相—河流相—湖沼相的地貌过程, 并且AMS14C 年代表明, 西侧水源消亡于距今1000 多 年, 而台地东侧仍有河流流过, 表明上山遗址所处地貌位置为靠近河湖水源的河流阶地之上 覆有风成黄土的低平台地。
毛龙江,莫多闻,蒋乐平,贾耀锋, 李明霖, 周昆叔, 史辰羲 . 浙江上山遗址剖面记录中更新世以来的环境演变[J]. 地理学报, 2008 , 63(3) : 293 -300 . DOI: 10.11821/xb200803007
According to field investigations and sampling as well as laboratory analysis of magnetic susceptibility, grain size, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and AMS 14C dating of archaeological site profile of Shangshan in Pujiang area, Zhejiang, this paper revealed the process of environmental change since Mid-Pleistocene and discussed the background of Shangshan cultural development. The results show there were fluvial gravel sediments in Shangshan area in the earlier period of Mid-Pleistocene. But at about 173 ka BP of the late period of Mid-Pleistocene, uplift happened in Shangshan area because of the impact of the climate, sea level change and neotectonic action, movement, thus forming the second terrace of the river. Between 173-75 ka BP, the terrace received aeolian sediment, a layer of reticulate laterite about 80-100 cm thick deposited, and developed under a relatively high temperature. A layer of Xiashu Loess about 1.0-1.5 m thick deposited on Shangshan terrace in late glacial, containing 80% of the loessal dust. At the beginning of the Holocene (11500 a BP-), temperature went higher gradually with more precipitation, the pre-historic human moved on the Shangshan terrace (11400-8600 a BP), which may connect the paleolithic culture and Neolithic culture. The lower place to the west of the Shangshan Site has been the two cycles process of the fluvial facies, lake and moor facies, indicating that the water source of the Shangshan pre-history is the river water or lake water. Moreover, two AMS 14C ages indicated the water resource disappeared more than 1000 years at most.
[1] Wu Jianmin. The relation of the environmental variance with distributing of pre-historical sites in Yangtze Delta. Southeast Culture, 1988, (6): 16-35.
[吴建民. 长江三角洲史前遗址的分布与环境变迁. 东南文化, 1988, (6): 16-35.]
[2] Xu Jianchun, Zheng Sheng. The relationship between the distribution characteristics of Neolithic sites and environmental change in Taihu-Ningshao plain. Southeast Culture, 1990, (5): 253-258.
[徐建春, 郑升. 太湖—宁绍平原新石器文化遗 址分布与环境变迁的关系. 东南文化, 1990, (5): 253-258.]
[3] Yu S, Zhu C, Song J et al. Role of climate in the rise and fall of Neolithic cultures on the Yangtze Delta. Boreas, 2000, 29: 157-165.
[4] Yu Shiyong, Zhu Cheng, Qu Weizheng. Mid-Holocene transition and rapid interruption in Neolithic cultures in the eastern plain of Taihu Lake. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 1999, 19(6): 549-554.
[于世永, 朱诚, 曲维正. 太湖东岸平原 中全新世气候转型事件与新石器文化中断. 地理科学, 1999, 19(6): 549-554.]
[5] Zheng Yunfei, Jiang Leping, Zheng Jianming. Study on the remains of ancient rice from Kuahuqiao Site in Zhejiang Province. Chinese J Rice Sci, 2004, 18(2): 119-124.
[郑云飞, 蒋乐平, 郑建明. 浙江跨湖桥遗址的古稻遗存研究. 中国 水稻科学, 2004, 18(2): 119-124.]
[6] Wang Xinxi. Xiaohuangshan Hill: An archaeological examination. Journal of Shaoxing University, 2006, 26(2): 6-10.
[王心喜. 小黄山遗址新石器时代早期遗存的考古学观察. 绍兴文理学院学报, 2006, 26(2): 6-10.]
[7] Sheng Danping, Zheng Yunfei. Earlier Neolithic site of Shangshan in Pujiang, Zhejiang. Agriculture Archaeology, 2006, (1): 30-34.
[盛丹平, 郑云飞. 浙江浦江县上山新石器时代早期遗址. 农业考古, 2006, (1): 30-34.]
[8] Mo Duowen, Li Fei, Li Shuicheng et al. A preliminary study on the paleoenvironment of the middle Holocene in the Hulu River area in Gansu province and its effects on human activity. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1996, 51(1): 59-69.
[莫 多闻, 李非, 李水诚等. 甘肃葫芦河流域中全新世环境演化及其对人类活动的影响. 地理学报, 1996, 51(1): 59-69.]
[9] Huang Chunchang, Pang Jiangli, Li Pinghua. Abruptly increased climatic aridity and its social impact on the Loess Plateau of China at 3100 a B.P. Journal of Arid Environment, 2002, (3): 1-13.
[10] An Chengbang, Feng Zhaodong, Tang Lingyu. Environmental change and cultural response between 8000 and 4000 cal. yr BP in the western Loess Plateau, Northwest China. Journal of Quaternary Science, 2004, 19(6): 529-535.
[11] Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Zhejiang. Records of Regional Geology in Zhejiang Province. Attached Figure 3. 1989.
[浙江省地质矿产局. 浙江省区域地质志. 附图三. 1989.]
[12] Bureau of Geological and Mineral Resources of Zhejiang. Records of Regional Geology in Zhejiang Province. Beijing: Geology Publishing House, 1989. 515-532.
[ 浙江省地质矿产局. 浙江省区域地质志. 北京: 地质出版社, 1989. 515-532.]
[13] Chen Qiaoyi. Geographical Records in Zhejiang Province. Hangzhou: Zhejiang People's Publishing House, 1985.
[陈桥 驿. 浙江地理志. 杭州: 浙江人民出版社, 1985.]
[14] Roberts H M, Wintle A G. Luminescence sensitivity changes of polymineral fine grains during IRSL and OSL measurements. Radiation Measurements, 2003, 37: 661-671.
[15] Lu Huayu, Wang Xiaoyong, Ma Haizhou et al. The plateau monsoon variation during the past 130 kyr revealed by loess deposit at northeast Qinghai-Tibet (China). Global and Planetary Change, 2004, 41: 207-214.
[16] Lu Houyuan. Magnetic susceptibility analysis and paleo-climatic significance of modern soil in China. Science in China (Series B), 1994, 24(12): 1290-1297.
[吕厚远. 中国现代土壤磁化率分析及其古气候意义. 中国科学(B 辑), 1994, 24(12): 1290-1297.]
[17] Huang Chunchang. Environmental Change. Beijing: Science Press, 1998. 87-91.
[黄春长. 环境变迁. 北京: 科学出版 社, 1998. 87-91.]
[18] Zhu Cheng, Zhao Ningxi, Zhang Qiang. Environmental archeology research on the Neolithic sites in Longqiuzhuang, Jiangsu. Journal of Nanjing University (Natural Sciences), 2000, 36(3): 286-292.
[朱诚, 赵宁曦, 张强. 江苏龙虬庄新 石器遗址环境考古研究. 南京大学学报(自然科学版), 2000, 36(3): 286-292.]
[19] Zhang Qiang, Zhu Cheng, Jiang Fengqing et al. Environment archaeological exploration in Zhangjiawan Site, Chongqing since 2 kaBP. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2001, 56(6): 353-360.
[张强, 朱诚, 姜逢清等. 重庆市巫山张家 湾遗址2000 年来的环境考古. 地理学报, 2001, 56(6): 353-360.]
[20] Shi Wei, Zhu Cheng, Xu Weifeng et al. Relationship between abnormal phenomena of magnetic susceptibility curves of profiles and human activities at Zhongba site in Chongqing. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2007, 62(3): 257-267.
[史威, 朱 诚, 徐伟峰等. 重庆中坝遗址剖面磁化率异常与人类活动的关系. 地理学报, 2007, 62(3): 257-267.]
[21] Huang Qi, Jiang Leping. Shangshan Site and Shangshan Culture. Relics Newspapers in China, 2006-12-29.
[黄琦, 蒋 乐平. 上山遗址与上山文化. 中国文物报, 2006-12-29.]
[22] Yuan Jiarong. New important evidence of rice agriculture in Yuchan rock. Relics Newspapers in China, 1996-03-03.
[袁家荣. 玉蟾岩获水稻起源重要新物证. 中国文物报, 1996-03-03.]
[23] Peng Shifan, Zhou Guangming. Wan Nian Celestial Being Cave and Dian Tong Huan Relics in Jiangxi, Agricultural Archaeology, 2004, (3): 29-39.
[彭适凡, 周广明. 江西万年仙人洞与吊桶环遗址. 农业考古, 2004, (3): 29-39.]
[24] Zhu Naicheng. Re-study on rice agriculture "center-originated and spread out to the periphery areas". In: Environmental Archaeology Research (Vol. 4). Beijing: Peking University Press, 2007. 84-91.
[朱乃诚. 再论中国稻作农业“中心起 源、边缘发展”. 见: 环境考古研究(第四辑). 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2007. 84-91.]
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |