旅游流齐夫结构及空间差异化特征——以四川省为例
收稿日期: 2006-06-21
修回日期: 2006-09-19
网络出版日期: 2006-12-25
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目 (40371030); 四川省科技厅重点项目 (05ZR025-111)
Zipf Structure and Difference Degree of Tourist Flow Size System:A Case Study of Sichuan Province
Received date: 2006-06-21
Revised date: 2006-09-19
Online published: 2006-12-25
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40371030; Key Project of Science and Technology Foundation of Sichuan Province, No.05ZR025-111
借用Zipf指标和差异度指标，采取由“假设”到“论证”的研究方法证明旅游流规模结构符合Zipf法则。以1996年至2004年四川省国内旅游统计数据为样本，研究了旅游流的规模等级结构特征。结果表明，国内旅游流规模结构符合Zipf定律，具有分段特征，用回归拟合可进一步分析各标度区的内部结构特点。标度区可分为有效标度区和无效标度区两种类型。从四川省旅游业的发展情况看，旅游流规模结构中无效标度区的空间分布面积逐渐减少，而有效标度区面积正在逐步扩大。Zipf参数可以用来进行标度区分段，分析有效标度区的内部结构和旅游流总体结构体系的变化规律;对不满足Zipf法则的分段区域，则用均衡度和差异度分析其内部结构的差异化程度。用Zipf参数分析有效标度区，用均衡度和差异度指标分析无效标度区旅游流规模结构所得结果既与客观实际相符合，同时又能更清晰地反映该结构的标度分段特征、各标度区内部的差异化程度以及历年所发生的结构分布变化规律，这对丰富旅游流的分析方法具有重要价值。
杨国良, 张捷, 艾南山, 刘波 . 旅游流齐夫结构及空间差异化特征——以四川省为例[J]. 地理学报, 2006 , 61(12) : 1281 -1289 . DOI: 10.11821/xb200612005
The Zipf theory is the law to study the relation between word frequency and word sequence which is now extensively used in city size structure, city spatial fractal, economics, sociology, and so on. From supposition to discussion, this paper proves that tourist flow size grading structure is in conformity with the Zipf theory in aid of the Zipf and difference degree index. The scaling section feature and internal structural difference in each scaling range of domestic and inbound tourist flow size grading structure in Sichuan province were studied in this paper based on statistic data of domestic tourist flow from 1996 to 2004. The result shows that tourist flow size grading structure has possessed the Zipf feature, even could be sectioned by fractal dimension scaling in certain years, and the bifurcation points of each scaling range can be determined by regression equations. The scaling section may be divided into two types, which are effective and ineffective scaling sections. Viewing from the tourism development in Sichuan province, the space distribution area of tourist flow ineffective scaling section is reducing and effective scaling section area is increasing. The Zipf index can be used to divide the scope of each scaling section and analyze the internal structural feature of effective scaling section and the changing law of the tourist flow size grading structure. For the region without the unobvious Zipf feature, equilibrium degree and difference index can be used to study the difference of the internal structure. The study shows that the results of effective scaling section being analyzed by the Zipf index and ineffective scaling section by equilibrium degree and difference index accord with the objective reality, also clearly reflect the structure scaling section feature, the internal structural difference of each section and the changing law of the total structure system. This is very important to enrich the methods of analyzing tourist flow size grading structure. Concerning the tourist flow size structure in Sichuan province, the Zipf index "q" of domestic tourist flow is mostly between one and two before 2002, and the size grading structure system assumes Pareto distribution pattern; after 2003, the Zipf index "q" further reduces and the tourist flow size structure is turning to logarithmic regular distribution pattern.
Key words： tourist flow; size structure; Zipf; scaling range; difference degree; Sichuan province
[1] Zhang Jinhe, Zhang Jie, Li Na et al. An analysis on spatial field effect of domestic tourist flow in China. Geographical Research, 2005, 24(2): 293-302.
[章锦河, 张捷, 李娜 等. 中国国内旅游流空间效应分析. 地理研究, 2005, 24(2): 293-302.]
[2] Wang Zheng. An analysis of tourism location. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2000, 52(3): 346-353.
[王铮. 旅游业区位分析: 以云南为例. 地理学报, 2000, 52(3): 346-353.]
[3] Zhang Jie, Du Jinkang, Zhou Yinkang et al. Spatial structure of tourist source areas for the naturally scenic sightseeing places: a case study of Jiuzhaigou. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1999, 54(4): 357-369.
[张捷, 都金康, 周寅康 等. 自然观光旅游地客源市场的空间结构研究. 地理学报, 1999, 54(4): 357-369.]
[4] Bao Jigang, Zheng Haiyan, Dai Guangquan. The evolvement of spatial structure and the significance of Guilin's domestic tourist origins. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2002, 57(1): 96-106.
[保继刚, 郑海燕, 戴光全. 桂林国内客源市场的空间结构演变. 地理学报, 2002, 57(1): 96-106.]
[5] Lu Lin. A study on the spacial behavior of tourists in mountain resorts: giving consideration to comparison of the travelling spacial behavior between tourists in Huangshan Mountain and in Yellowstone Park. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1996, 51(4): 315-321.
[陆林. 山岳风景区旅游者空间行为研究: 兼论黄山与美国黄石公园之比较. 地理学报, 1996, 51(4): 315-321.]
[6] Wu Bihu, Tang Junya, Huang Anmin et al. A study on destination choice behavior of Chinese urban residents. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1997, 52(2): 97-103.
[吴必虎, 唐俊雅, 黄安民 等. 中国城市居民旅游目的地选择行为研究. 地理学报, 1997, 52(2): 97-103.]
[7] Ma Yaofeng, Li Tianshun et al. Research on China Inbound Tourism. Beijing: Science Press, 1999.
[马耀峰, 李天顺 等. 中国入境旅游研究. 北京: 科学出版社, 1999.]
[8] Niu Yafei. The study on spatial linkage between the supply and demand of tourism. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1996, 51(1): 80-87.
[牛亚菲. 旅游供给与需求的空间关系研究. 地理学报, 1996, 51(1): 80-87.]
[9] Mansfield Y. Spatial pattern of international tourist flows: towards a theoretical framework. Progress in Human Geography, 1990, 14(3): 372-390.
[10] Witt S F, Witt C A. Forecasting tourism demand: a review of empirical research. International Journal of Forecasting, 1995, 11: 447-475.
[11] Sarath D. A model of demand for international tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 2003, 30(1): 31-49.
[12] Wu Jinfeng, Bao Haosheng. Research on the spatial network model of tourism system. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2002, 22(1): 96-101.
[吴晋峰, 包浩生. 旅游系统的空间结构模式研究. 地理科学, 2002, 22(1): 96-101.]
[13] Pearce D. Tourism Today: A Geographical Analysis. Harlow (U.K.), Longman: 1987. 1-10.
[14] Lu Lin. A study on the distribution of south Anhui tour section. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 1995, 15(1): 88-95.
[陆林. 皖南旅游区布局研究. 地理科学, 1995, 15(1): 88-95.]
[15] Wang Degen, Lu Lin, Chen Tian et al. Spatial organization analysis of tourism region in Hulun Buir-Aershan. Geographical Research, 2006, 25(1): 161-169.
[汪德根, 陆林, 陈田 等. 呼伦贝尔—阿尔山旅游区空间组织. 地理研究, 2006, 25(1): 161-169.]
[16] Mathieson A, Wall G. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts. Harlow, Longman, 1982.
[17] Zhang Jie, Kristensen G. A gravity model with variable coefficients: the EEC trade with third countries. Geographical Analysis, 1995, 27(4): 308-320.
[18] Lee C. Models in Planning: Chapter 5 Gravity Model. Oxford, NY, Toronto: Pergmon Press, 1973. 57-88.
[19] Smith M J. Distance distributions and trip behavior in defined regions. Geographical Analysis, 1977, 9(4): 332-345.
[20] You Rongyan. Zipf's law and the distribution of Chinese character frequency. Journal of Chinese Information Processing, 1999, 14(3): 60-65.
[游荣彦. Zipf定律与汉字字频分布. 中文信息学报, 1999, 14(3): 60-65.]
[21] Qin Yaochen, Liu Kai. Advancement of applied studies of fractal theory in geography. Progress in Geography, 2003, 22(4): 426-436.
[秦耀辰, 刘凯. 分形理论在地理学中的应用研究进展. 地理科学进展, 2003, 22(4): 426-436.]
[22] Li Houqiang, Ai Nanshan. Market net with golden divisional feature and fractal property. Economic Geography, 1992, 12(4): 1-5.
[李后强, 艾南山. 具有黄金分割特征和分形性质的市场网络. 经济地理, 1992, 12(4): 1-5.]
[23] Chen Yanguang, Liu Jisheng. Preliminary studies on the fractal properties of systems of towns. Human Geography, 1994, 9(1): 26-30.
[陈彦光, 刘继生. 城市体系分形特征的初步研究. 人文地理, 1994, 9(1): 26-30.]
[24] Liu Jisheng, Chen Yanguang. Fractal dimensions of hierarchical structure of urban systems and the methods of their determination. Geographical Research, 1998, 17(1): 82-89.
[刘继生, 陈彦光. 城镇体系等级结构的分形及其测算方法. 地理研究, 1998, 17(1): 82-89.]
[25] Chen Yanguang, Liu Jisheng. The DBM features of transport network of a district: a study on the Laplacian fractals of networks of communication lines. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 1999, 19(2): 114-118.
[陈彦光, 刘继生. 区域交通网络分形的DBM特征: 交通网络Laplacian分形性质的实证研究. 地理科学, 1999, 19(2): 114-118.]
[26] Zhu Hong, Wu Qitao. Study on tourism size of provinces and primary cities in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2005, 60(6): 919-927.
[朱竑, 吴旗韬. 中国省际及主要旅游城市旅游规模. 地理学报, 2005, 60(6): 919-927.]
[27] Tan Minghong, Fan Cunhui. Relationship between Zipf dimension and fractal dimension of city-size distribution. Geographical Research, 2004, 23(2): 243-248.
[谈明洪, 范存会. Zipf参数和城市规模分布的分维值的关系探讨. 地理研究, 2004, 23(2): 243-248.]
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |