东莞市农田土壤和蔬菜重金属的含量特征分析
收稿日期: 2008-05-06
修回日期: 2008-06-30
网络出版日期: 2008-09-25
基金资助
国土资源部农业地质与生态地球化学调查项目(121201511216); 国家自然科学基金项目(40573019)
Heavy Metal Concentr ations of Agr icultur al Soils and Vegetables from Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China
Received date: 2008-05-06
Revised date: 2008-06-30
Online published: 2008-09-25
Supported by
Project of Agricultural Geology and Ecogeochemistry of Ministry of Land and Resources, No. 121201511216; National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40573019
从东莞市采集118 个农田土壤样品和43 个蔬菜样品, 测试其中Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr、Pb、 Cd、As 和Hg 等8 种重金属元素的含量, 并结合GIS 制图和数据统计, 对农田土壤中重金属 的空间分布和来源、土壤和蔬菜中重金属的富集特征及其潜在风险进行了分析。结果表明, 农田土壤中Cu、Zn、Ni、Pb、Cd 和Hg 等元素含量均高于相应元素的广东省土壤背景值, 其中, Pb (65.38 mg kg-1) 和Hg (0.24 mg kg-1) 含量分别为其对应背景值的1.82 和2.82 倍。与我国《土壤环境质量标准》中II 级标准(pH < 6.5) 相比, 土壤中Cu、Ni、Cd 和Hg 含量样本超标率分别为3.4%、5.9%、1.7%和28%, 表现为以Hg 为主的多种重金属共同污染。土壤 中8 种重金属中Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr 和As 等元素主要来源于成土母质, Pb、Hg 和Cd 等元素主要与人类活动有关。空间分布上, Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr、Pb、As 和Hg 等7 种重金属含量呈现出西部高、东部低的特点, Cd 含量在西北部和东南部较高, 西南部较低。与《食品中污染物限量》(GB2762-2005) 等相关标准比较, 蔬菜中Ni、Pb 和As 含量的样本超标率分别为4.7%、16.3%和48.8%。蔬菜中重金属富集系数的顺序为: Cd > Zn > Cu > As > Ni > Hg > Cr > Pb。
蔡立梅, 马瑾, 周永章,黄兰椿, 陈飞香, 谢晓华, 杨小强 . 东莞市农田土壤和蔬菜重金属的含量特征分析[J]. 地理学报, 2008 , 63(9) : 994 -1003 . DOI: 10.11821/xb200809009
A total of 118 of agricultural soil and 43 of vegetable samples were collected from Dongguan, Guangdong Province. The spatial distribution, sources, accumulation characteristics and potential risk of heavy metals in the agricultural soils and vegetables were depicted in details by three different approaches, including total contents of 8 metal elements in soils and vegetables, GIS maps and multivariate analysis of heavy metals in soils in the study. The results show that there are higher accumulation of heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd and Hg in agricultural soils, and the contents of Pb (65.38 mg kg-1) and Hg (0.24 mg kg-1) are 1.82 and 2.82 times of background contents of the corresponding heavy metals in soils of Guangdong Province, respectively. There are about 3.4% of Cu, 5.9% of Ni, 1.7% of Cd and 28% of Hg in all collected soil samples from all investigated sites which have overran the contents for heavy metals of China Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (GB15618-1995, Grade II). The pollution characteristics of multi-metals in soils are mainly reflected by Hg. There are different sources to 8 metal elements in soils, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr and As are predominantly derived from parent materials, and Pb, Hg and Cd are affected by anthropogenic activity. The spatial distribution shows that Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb, As and Hg contents of agricultural soils are high in west and low in east, and Cd contents are high in northwest, southeast and low in southwest in Dongguan. The ratios of vegetable samples with Ni, Pb and As concentrations higher than the Maximum Levels of Contaminants in Foods (GB2762-2005) are 4.7% , 16.3% and 48.8% , respectively. The order of bioconcentration factors (BCF) of heavy metals in vegetables is: Cd > Zn > Cu > As > Ni > Hg > Cr > Pb.
Key words： agricultural soil; vegetable; heavy metal; pollution; spatial distribution; Dongguan
[1] Lee C S, Li X, Shi W, et al. Metal contamination in urban, suburban, and country park soils of Hong Kong: A study based on GIS and multivariate statistics. Science of the Total Environment, 2006, 356(1-3): 45-61.
[2] Song Bo, Chen Tongbin, Zheng Yuanming et al. A survey of cadmium concentrations in vegetables and soils in Beijing and the potential risks to human health. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2006, 26(8): 1343-1353.
[宋波, 陈同斌, 郑袁明 等. 北京市菜地土壤和蔬菜镉含量及其健康风险分析. 环境科学学报, 2006, 26(8): 1343-1353.]
[3] Zheng Yuanming, Luo Jinfa, Chen Tongbin et al. Cadmium accumulation in soils for different land uses in Beijing. Geographical Research, 2005, 24(4): 542-548.
[郑袁明, 罗金发, 陈同斌等. 北京市不同土地利用类型的土壤镉含量特征. 地理研究, 2005, 24(4): 542-548.]
[4] Zheng Yuanming, Chen Tongbin, Chen Huang et al. Lead accumulation in soils under different land use types in Beijing city. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2005, 60(5): 791-797.
[郑袁明, 陈同斌, 陈煌等. 北京市不同土地利用方式下土壤铅 的积累. 地理学报, 2005, 60(5): 791-797.]
[5] Zheng Yuanming, Chen Tongbin, Zheng Guodi et al. Chromium and nickel accumulations in soils under different land uses in Beijing Municipality. Resources Science, 2005, 27(6): 162-166.
[郑袁明, 陈同斌, 郑国砥等. 北京市不同土地 利用方式下土壤铬和镍的积累. 资源科学, 2005, 27(6): 162-166.]
[6] Chen Tongbin, Zheng Yuanming, Chen Huang et al. Arsenic accumulation in soils for different land use types in Beijing. Geographical Research, 2005, 24(2): 229-235.
[陈同斌, 郑袁明, 陈煌等. 北京市不同土地利用类型的土壤砷 含量特征. 地理研究, 2005, 24(2): 229-235.]
[7] Zheng Yuanming, Song Bo, Chen Tongbin et al. Zinc accumulation and pollution risk in soils under different land use types in Beijing. Journal of Natural Resources, 2006, 21(1): 64-72.
[郑袁明, 宋波, 陈同斌等. 北京市不同土地利用方 式下土壤锌的积累及其污染风险. 自然资源学报, 2006, 21(1): 64-72.]
[8] Zheng Yuanming, Chen Tongbin, Zheng Guodi et al. Soil copper accumulation under different land use types: The case of Beijing. Journal of Natural Resources, 2005, 20(5): 690-696.
[郑袁明, 陈同斌, 郑国砥等. 不同土地利用方式对土 壤铜积累的影响: 以北京市为例.自然资源学报, 2005, 20(5): 690-696.]
[9] Chen Tongbin, Song Bo, Zheng Yuanming et al. A survey of arsenic concentrations in vegetables and soils in Beijing and the potential risks to human health. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2006, 61(3): 297-310.
[陈同斌, 宋波, 郑袁明等. 北京 市蔬菜和菜地土壤砷含量及其健康风险分析. 地理学报, 2006, 61(3): 297-310.]
[10] Dongguan Municipal Bureau of Statistics. Dongguan Statistical Yearbook. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2007. 68.
[东 莞市统计局. 东莞市统计年鉴(2007). 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2007. 68.]
[11] Lu Faxi. The Soil of the Pearl River Delta. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 1988.
[陆发熹. 珠江三角洲土 壤. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 1988.]
[12] Liu Fengzhi. Manual of Environmental Monitoring for Agriculture. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2001.
[ 刘凤枝. 农业环境监测使用手册. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2001.]
[13] Guo Zhaohui, Xiao Xiyuan, Chen Tongbin et al. Heavy metal pollution of soils and vegetables from midstream and downstream of Xiangjiang River. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2008, 63(1): 3-11.
[郭朝晖, 肖细元, 陈同斌等. 湘江中下 游土壤和蔬菜的重金属污染. 地理学报, 2008, 63(1): 3-11.]
[14] Zhang Chaosheng, Zhang Shen, He Jianbang. Spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals in the sediments of Changjiang River system. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 1997, 52(2): 184-192.
[张朝生, 章申, 何建邦. 长江水系沉积物重 金属含量空间分布特征研究. 地理学报, 1997, 52(2): 184-192.]
[15] Guangdong Province Environmental Monitoring Centre. Handbook of Data for Environmental Background Values of Guangdong. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 1990.
[广东省环境监测中心站. 广东省土壤环境背景值数 据集. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 1990.]
[16] GB15618-1995. Environmental Quality Standard for Soils. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 1997.
[GB15618-1995. 土 壤环境质量标准. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 1997.]
[17] Facchinelli A, Sacchi E, Mallen L. Multivariate statistical and GIS-based approach to identify heavy metal sources in soils. Environmental Pollution, 2001, 114: 313-324.
[18] Loska L, Wiechula D. Application of principal component analysis for the estimation of source of heavy metal contamination in surface sediments from the Rybnik Reservoir. Chemosphere, 2003, 51: 723-733.
[19] Martin J A R, Arias M L, Corbi J M G. Heavy metals contents in agricultural topsoils in the Ebro basin (Spain). Environmental Pollution, 2006, 144 (3): 1001-1021.
[20] Boruvka L, Vacek O, Jehlicka J. Principal component analysis as a tool to indicate the origin of potentially toxic elements in soils. Geoderma, 2005, 128: 289-300.
[21] Hanesch M, Scholger R, Dekkers M J. The application of fuzzy cluster analysis and non-linear mapping to a soil data set for detection of polluted sites. Physical Chemical Earth Science, 2001, 26: 885-891.
[22] Garcia R, Maiz I, Millan E. Heavy metal contamination analysis of road soils and grasses from Gipuzkoa (Spain). Environmental Technology, 1996, 17(7): 763-770.
[23] Gray C W, McLaren R G, Roberts A H C. The effect of long-term phosphatic fertiliser applications on the amounts and forms of cadmium in soils under pasture in New Zealand. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 1999. 54: 267-277.
[24] Filzek P D B, Spurgeon D J, Broll G et al. Pedological characterization of sites along a transect from a primary cadmium/lead/zinc smelting works. Ecotoxicology, 2004, 13: 725-737.
[25] Chen Tongbin, Zeng Xibo, Hu Qingxiu. Utilization efficiency of chemical fertilizers among different countries of China. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2002, 57(5): 531-538.
[ 陈同斌, 曾希柏, 胡清秀. 中国化肥利用率的区域分异. 地理学报, 2002, 57(5): 531-538.]
[26] Liu Qing, Wang Jing, Shi Yanxi et al. Heavy metal pollution in cropland soil in Cixi city of Zhejiang province. Journal of Agro-environment Science, 2007, 26(2): 639-644.
[刘庆, 王静, 史衍玺等. 浙江省慈溪市农田土壤重金属污染初 步研究. 农业环境科学学报, 2007, 26(2): 639-644.]
[27] Ociel M, Oscar P D, Irma L et al. Vegetables collected in the cultivated Andean area of northern Chile: Total and inorganic arsenic contents in raw vegetables. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2002, 50: 642-647.
[28] Oscar P D, Irma L, Ociel M et al. Contribution of water, bread, and vegetables to dietary intake of inorganic arsenic in a rural village of northern Chile. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2004, 52: 1773-1779.
[29] Ministry of Health, PRC. Tolerance Limit of Zinc (GB13106-91) in Foods. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 1991.
[中华人民共和国卫生部. 食品中锌限量卫生标准(GB13106-91). 北京: 中国标准出版社, 1991.]
[30] Ministry of Health, PRC. Tolerance Limit of Copper (GB15119-94) in Foods. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 1991.
[中华人民共和国卫生部. 食品中铜限量卫生标准(GB15119-94). 北京: 中国标准出版社, 1994.]
[31] Ministry of Health, PRC. National Committee of Standardization. The Maximum Levels of Contaminants in Foods (GB2762-2005). Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2005.
[中华人民共和国卫生部, 国家标准化管理委员会. 食品中 污染物限量(GB2762-2005). 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2005.]
[32] Liu H Y, Probst A, Liao B H. Metal contamination of soils and crops affected by the Chenzhou lead/zinc mine spill (Hunan/China). Science of the Total Environment, 2005, 339: 153-166.
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |