巢湖流域新石器至汉代古聚落变更与环境变迁
收稿日期: 2008-08-29
修回日期: 2008-10-31
网络出版日期: 2009-01-25
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(40571162);国家科技支撑计划重点项目课题(2006BAK21B02);国家重点基础研究发 展计划项目课题(2003CB415201)
The Transmutation of Ancient Settlements and Environmental Changes from the Neolithic Age to the Han Dynasty in the Chaohu Lake Basin
Received date: 2008-08-29
Revised date: 2008-10-31
Online published: 2009-01-25
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40571162; National Science and Technology Support Program, No.2006BAK21B02;National Basic Research Program of China, No.2003CB415201
以GIS 为手段， 在对巢湖流域新石器中晚期至汉代聚落遗址时空分布特征进行分析的基础上， 探讨流域内古聚落变更对环境变迁的响应关系。研究表明， 巢湖流域新石器中晚期至汉代古聚落变更的规律主要表现为， 随着时代推进聚落遗址从高海拔逐渐向低海拔地区转移并向湖泊靠近， 这种变更响应于中全新世以来流域气候由温暖湿润向温和干燥的发展， 以及由此导致的巢湖湖泊收缩、水位持续下降和生活范围扩展， 反映了在气候变化的大背景下， 地貌演化和水文条件的改变对古聚落变更的影响； 而各时期聚落遗址西多东少的分布格局， 则与流域东部极易受河道摆动和洪涝灾害影响的地貌条件有关。因此， 气候变化成为巢湖流 域古聚落变更的重要激发因子， 对古聚落的分布、扩展、演变都产生了重要影响， 古聚落变更对环境变迁的响应明显。
吴立,王心源,周昆叔,莫多闻,高超,刘丽,韩伟光 . 巢湖流域新石器至汉代古聚落变更与环境变迁[J]. 地理学报, 2009 , 64(1) : 59 -68 . DOI: 10.11821/xb200901007
Based on the temporal-spatial distribution features of ancient settlement sites from the middle and late Neolithic Age to the Han Dynasty in the Chaohu Lake Basin of Anhui Province with the methods of GIS, combining with the reconstructed paleoenvironment by the records of lake sediment since Holocene in the Chaohu Lake, the transmutation of ancient settlements with responses to environmental changes in this area has been discussed. Study shows that the main feature of the transmutation of ancient settlements from the middle and late Neolithic Age to the Han Dynasty was that the distribution of settlements in this area changed from high altitude to the low one and kept approaching to the Chaohu Lake with the passage of times. These could be the response to the climate change from warm-moist to a relatively warm-dry condition during the middle Holocene, leading to the lake level fluctuations. The large area of exposed land provided enough space for human activities. These indicate that the above changes in geomorphologic evolution and hydrology influenced by climate conditions affected the transmutation of ancient settlements greatly. The distribution pattern of settlement sites was that the number of the sites in the west was more than the east. This pattern may be related to the geomorphologic conditions such as frequent channel shifting of the Yangtze River and flood disasters during the Holocene optimum. Therefore, the climate change is the inducement of the transmutation of ancient settlements in the Chaohu Lake Basin, which exerts great influence on the distribution, expansion and development of the ancient settlements, and the transmutation of ancient settlements responded to the environmental changes evidently.
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