干旱区水资源对城市化约束强度的时空变化分析
收稿日期: 2007-11-26
修回日期: 2008-06-10
网络出版日期: 2008-11-25
基金资助
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-307-02); 中国博士后科学基金资助项目(20070420063); 中国科学院王宽诚博士后工作奖励基金
Temporal and Spatial Variations of Water Resources Constraint Intensity on Urbanization in Arid Area
Received date: 2007-11-26
Revised date: 2008-06-10
Online published: 2008-11-25
Supported by
Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.KZCX2-YW-307-02; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project, No.20070420063; K. C. Wong Education Foundation, Hong Kong
水资源对城市化的约束力已经成为干旱缺水地区决定城市化发展速度， 进而决定城市化和社会经济发展规模的重要外营力之一， 科学度量并探讨其时空变化， 对水资源可持续利用与城市化正常推进具有重要意义。以定性与定量分析相结合的方法建立了水资源对城市化 约束强度的综合测度指标体系， 采用熵技术支持下的层次分析法构建出水资源对城市化约束强度的综合测度模型， 并对1985-2005 年河西走廊水资源对城市化约束强度的时空变化进行了分析。结果表明， 河西走廊水资源对城市化的约束强度在空间上总体表现为自东向西逐渐减小， 在时间上表现为由较强约束类型变为强约束类型， 总体呈不断增加态势， 但近年来略有缓解。虽然河西走廊水资源开发利用潜力综合指数与城市化系统综合发展指数都较低， 面临缺水和发展的双重矛盾， 但目前河西走廊大部分地区水资源对城市化的约束强度仍属于较强或强约束类型， 仍然能够通过合理调控实现可持续发展。
鲍超,方创琳 . 干旱区水资源对城市化约束强度的时空变化分析[J]. 地理学报, 2008 , 63(11) : 1140 -1150 . DOI: 10.11821/xb200811003
Water resources constraint force on urbanization has become one of the important exogenic forces which exert great influence on the speed of urbanization process and socio-economic development in arid and water deficient regions. It is of great significance to the measurement and probing into its temporal and spatial variations, thus promoting water resoureces sustainable utilization and accelerating the urbanization process. By qualitative and quantitative methods, an integrated indicator system was constructed, and an AHP model reformed by entropy technology was established to measure the water resources constraint intensity on urbanization. Using this model, the temporal and spatial variations of water resources constraint intensity on urbanization in the Hexi Corridor from 1985 to 2005 were calculated. Results show that: (1) Water resources constraint intensity on urbanization decreased from east to west in the Hexi Corridor. Of the five prefecture-level cities, Wuwei belongs to the very strong constraint type, Jinchang belongs to the strong constraint type, Zhangye belongs to the less strong constraint type to the strong constraint type, Jiuquan belongs to the less strong constraint type, and Jiayuguan belongs to the weak constraint type to the less strong constraint type. (2) Water resources constraint intensity on urbanization has changed into the strong constraint type from the less strong constraint type in recent 20 years. It increased continuously on the whole. However, in recent years, it decreased appreciably. (3) The integrated indexes of water resoureces system and urbanization system in the Hexi Corridor are both comparatively small. Inconsistencies between water shortage and regional development are serious. It is a great challenge to lessen water resources constraint intensity and accelerate the urbanization process. However, most parts in the Hexi Corridor belong to the less strong or strong constraint type. Through rational regulation of water resources constraint intensity on urbanization, the Hexi Corridor can still realize sustainable development.
[1] Qiu Baoxing. Main lessons concerning urbanization from foreign countries. City Planning Review, 2004, 28(4): 8-12.
[仇保兴. 国外城市化的主要教训. 城市规划, 2004, 28(4): 8-12].
[2] Liu Yaobin, Li Rendong, Song Xuefeng. Grey associative analysis of regional urbanization and eco-environment coupling in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2005, 60(2): 237-247.
[刘耀彬, 李仁东, 宋学锋. 中国区域城市化与生态 环境耦合的关联分析. 地理学报, 2005, 60(2): 237-247.]
[3] Chenery. Patterns of Development: 1950-1970. Beijing: Economic Science Press, 1988.
[ 钱纳里. 发展的型式: 1950-1970. 北京: 经济科学出版社, 1988.]
[4] Zhou Yixing. Urban Geography. Shanghai: The Commercial Press, 1995.
[周一星. 城市地理学. 上海: 商务印书馆, 1995.]
[5] Lu Dadao, Ye Danian, Yao Shimou et al. Restrain the rash advance of urbanization and the wild spatial expansion by integrated measures. Science News, 2007, (8): 4-9.
[陆大道, 叶大年, 姚士谋等. 采取综合措施遏制冒进式城镇化和 空间失控趋势. 科学新闻, 2007, (8): 4-9.]
[6] Fitzhugh T W, Richter B D. Quenching urban thirst: Growing cities and their impacts on freshwater ecosystems. Bioscience, 2004, 54: 741-754.
[7] Jenerette G Darrel, Larsen Larissa. A global perspective on changing sustainable urban water supplies. Global and Planetary Change, 2006, 50(3/4): 202-211.
[8] Merrett S. Introduction to the Economics of Water Resources: An International Perspective. UCL Press, 1997.
[9] Gao Yunfu. Urbanization and evolvement of water system. Urban Geotechnical Investigation & Surveying, 1998, (3): 5-8.
[高云福. 城市化发展与水系统的演变. 城市勘测, 1998, (3): 5-8.]
[10] Jia Shaofeng, Zhang Shifeng, Yang Hong et al. Relation of industrial water use and economic development: Water use Kuznets Curve. Journal of Natural Resources, 2004, 19(3): 279-284.
[贾绍风, 张士锋, 杨红等. 工业用水与经济发展 的关系: 用水库兹涅茨曲线. 自然资源学报, 2004, 19(3): 279-284.]
[11] Bernardo D J et al. Economic and environmental impacts of water quality protection policies 1: Framework for regional analysis. Water Resources Research, 1993, 29(9): 3069.
[12] Atef Al-Kharabsheh, Rakad Ta'any. Influence of urbanization on water quality deterioration during drought periods at South Jordan. Journal of Arid Environments, 2003, 53(4): 619-630.
[13] Fang Chuanglin, Huang Jinchuan, Bu Weina. Theoretical study on urbanization process and ecological effect with the restriction of water resource in arid area of Northwest China. Arid Land Geography, 2004, 27(1): 1-7.
[方创琳, 黄金 川, 步伟娜. 西北干旱区水资源约束下城市化过程及生态效应研究的理论探讨. 干旱区地理, 2004, 27(1): 1-7.]
[14] Wang Hao, Wang Dangxian, Ni Hongzhen et al. Water demand for development of industry in China. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2004, (4): 109-113.
[王浩, 汪党献, 倪红珍等. 中国工业发展对水资源的需求. 水利学报, 2004, (4): 109-113.]
[15] Song Jianjun, Zhang Qingjie, Liu Yingqiu. Analysis and suggestions on water resources security in 2020 in China. China Water Resources, 2004, (9): 14-17.
[宋建军, 张庆杰, 刘颖秋. 2020 年我国水资源保障程度分析及对策建议. 中国水利, 2004, (9): 14-17.]
[16] Bao Chao, Fang Chuanglin. On concept, significance and strategic framework for water resources constraint force. Journal of Natural Resources, 2006, 21(5): 844-852.
[鲍超, 方创琳. 水资源约束力的内涵、研究意义及战略框架. 自 然资源学报, 2006, 21(5): 844-852.]
[17] Bao Chao, Fang Chuanglin. Quantitative research of water resources constraint on urbanization in arid area of northwest China: Taking Wuwei and Zhangye cities in Gansu province as a case. Journal of Desert Research, 2007, 27 (4): 704-710.
[鲍超, 方创琳. 西北干旱区水资源约束城市化进程的定量辨识: 以甘肃省武威、张掖市为例. 中国沙漠, 2007, 27(4): 704-710.]
[18] Bao Chao, Fang Chuanglin. Water resources constraint force on urbanization in water deficient regions: A case study of the Hexi Corridor, arid area of NW China. Ecological Economics, 2007, 62(3/4): 508-517.
[19] Fang Chuanglin, Bao Chao, Huang Jinchuan. Management implications to water resources constraint force on socio-economic system in rapid urbanization: A case study of the Hexi Corridor, NW China. Water Resources Management, 2007, 21(9): 1613-1633.
[20] Fang Chuanglin, Zhang Xiaolei. The development orientation and the industrial division of the node cities along western Long Hai-Lan Xin Economic Zone. Geographical Research, 2003, 22(4): 455-464.
[方创琳, 张小雷. 西陇海兰 新经济带节点城市的发展方向与产业分工. 地理研究, 2003, 22(4): 455-464.]
[21] Fang Chuanglin, Bu Weina. Strategic transformation of synthetic development of the ecological-economic corridor in West China. Arid Land Geography, 2004, 27(4): 455-464.
[方创琳, 步伟娜. 中国西部生态经济走廊综合开发的战略 转变. 干旱区地理, 2004, 27(4): 455-464.]
[22] Li Shiming, Cheng Guodong et al. Rational Water Resources Utilization and Eco-enviormental Protection in Hexi Corridor. Zhengzhou: Yellow River Conservancy Press, 2002.
[李世明, 程国栋等. 河西走廊水资源合理利用与生态 环境保护. 郑州: 黄河水利出版社, 2002.]
[23] Ma Jinzhu, Zhu Zhonghua, Yu Baojing. Water Environment Evolvement and Water Resoureces Sustainable Utilizationin the Shiyang River Basin. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University Press, 2005.
[马金珠, 朱中华, 于保静.石羊河流域水环境 演化与水资源可持续利用. 兰州: 兰州大学出版社, 2005.]
[24] Bao Chao, Fang Chuanglin. Study on the quantitative relationship between urbanization and water resources utilization in the Hexi Corridor. Journal of Natural Resources, 2006, 21(2): 301-310.
[鲍超, 方创琳. 河西走廊城市化与水资源 利用关系的量化研究. 自然资源学报, 2006, 21(2): 301-310.]
[25] Xu Jianhua. Mathematic Methods in Modern Geography. 2nd edn. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2002.
[徐建华. 现 代地理学中的数学方法. 第二版. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2002.]
[26] Fang Chuanglin, Mao Hanying. A system of indicators for regional development planning. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1999, 54(5): 410-419.
[方创琳, 毛汉英. 区域发展规划指标体系建立方法探讨. 地理学报, 1999, 54(5): 410-419.]
[27] Fang Chuanglin, Yehua Dennis Wei. Evaluation on the sustainable development capacity and regularity of its regional differentiation in Hexi region. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2001, 56(5): 561-569.
[方创琳, Yehua Dennis Wei. 河西地区 可持续发展能力评价及地域分异规律. 地理学报, 2001, 56(5): 561-569.]
[28] Qian Zhengying, Shen Guofang, Pan Jiazheng. Water Resoureces Allocation, Eco-environment Construction and Sustainable Development Strategies (Synthetical Volume). Beijing: Science Press, 2004.
[钱正英, 沈国舫, 潘家铮. 西 北地区水资源配置生态环境建设和可持续发展战略研究(综合卷). 北京: 科学出版社, 2004.]
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |