1980 年以来中国耕地利用集约度的结构特征
收稿日期: 2008-11-03
修回日期: 2009-02-24
网络出版日期: 2009-04-25
基金资助
国家科技支撑计划课题(2006BAB15B02)
Structural Change of Agricultural Land Use Intensity and Its Regional Disparity in China
Received date: 2008-11-03
Revised date: 2009-02-24
Online published: 2009-04-25
Supported by
National Key Technology R&D Program, No.2006BAB15B02
基于中国农产品成本收益资料与中国农业统计年鉴等基础数据, 在对耕地利用集约度 进行内部结构划分的基础上, 系统分析了1980-2006 年间中国粮食作物劳动集约度和资本集 约度及其构成的时空变化规律。结果表明： 国家尺度上的劳动集约度由1980 年的398.5 日 /hm2 快速降低到2006 年的130.25 日/hm2, 下降幅度达67.37%, 下降的阶段性明显。资本集约度总量不断上升, 其中种子、化肥和农药等增产性资本投入比重逐渐减小, 在四大资本投 入类型中所占比重由90.36% (1980 年) 下降到73.44% (2006 年), 相反, 作为省工性投入的机 械, 所占比重由9.64% (1980 年) 迅速增加到26.56% (2006 年), 资本投入的内部结构变化逐 渐成为影响中国粮食单产的重要因素。区域尺度上, 经济发达地区劳动投入相对较少, 资本 投入, 尤其是省工性资本投入比重较大, 农户在耕地利用中更加注重追求劳动生产率；而经 济相对落后地区劳动集约度较高, 资本集约度较低, 资本投入中仍以增产性投入为主, 体现 了当地农民在耕地利用中追求土地生产率最大化的经营目标。
陈瑜琦, 李秀彬 . 1980 年以来中国耕地利用集约度的结构特征[J]. 地理学报, 2009 , 64(4) : 469 -478 . DOI: 10.11821/xb200904009
Based on the cost-income data of farm produce and the China Agricultural Yearbook, this paper divided the intensity of cultivated land use into labor intensity and capital intensity, then analyzed their temporal and spatial change at both country and provincial scale in the period of 1980-2006. The results showed that: (1) On country scale, labor intensity of food crop farming decreased from 398.5 day/ha in 1980 to 130.25 day/ha in 2006; and shows a continuous decrease with a steep decline in 1980-1986, a slower decline in 1987-1996, and another steep decline in 1997-2006. On the contrary, capital intensity shows an increasing trend from 1980. In the internal composition of capital intensity, the proportion of seed, chemical fertilizer and pesticide input decreased from 90.36% to 73.44% ; the proportion of machinery increased from 9.64% to 26.56% . The less emphasis on yieldincreasing input and more emphasis on labor-saving input are the main reasons for a slow increase of yield per unit area after 1996. (2) On provincial scale, the economically developed areas have lower labor intensity and higher capital intensity. The less developed areas have higher labor intensity but lower capital intensity. From the internal composition of capital intensity view, labor-saving input accounts for more proportion in the developed areas than other areas. That is because in these developed areas, as more and more labors engaged in off-farm work, labor input has become a constraint factor in food production. Farmers increase the labor-saving input for higher labor productivity. However, in less developed areas, the major constraint is the shortage of capital; food production is still depending on labor and yield-increasing inputs.
Key words： labor intensity; capital intensity; labor-saving input; yield-increasing input; Chin
[1] Lambin E F, Rounsevell M D A, Geist H J. Are agricultural land-use models able to predict changes in land-use intensity? Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2000, 82: 321-331.
[2] Li Xiubin. Explanation of land use changes. Progress in Geography, 2002, 21(3): 195-203.
[李秀彬. 土地利用变化的解 释. 地理科学进展, 2002, 21(3): 195-203.]
[3] Yang H, Li X B. Cultivated land and food supply in China. Land Use Policy, 2000, 17: 73-88.
[4] Li Xiubin. Change of arable land area in China during the past 20 years and its policy implications. Journal of Natural Resources, 1999, 14(4): 329-333.
[李秀彬. 中国近20 年来耕地面积的变化及其政策启示. 自然资源学报, 1999, 14 (4): 329-333.]
[5] Liu J Y, Liu M L, Zhuang D F et al. Study on spatial pattern of land-use change in China during 1995-2000. Science in China (Series D), 2003, 46(4): 273-384.
[6] Deng X Z, Huang J K , Rozelle S et al. Cultivated land conversion and potential agricultural productivity in China. Land Use Policy, 2006, 23: 372-384.
[7] Ramankutty N, Foley J A, Olejniczak N J. People on the land: changes in global population and croplands during the 20th Century. AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment, 2002, 31: 251-257.
[8] Feng Zhiming, Liu Baoqin, Yang Yanzhao. A study of the changing trend of Chinese cultivated land amount and data reconstructing: 1949-2003. Journal of Natural Resources, 2005, 20(1): 35-43.
[封志明, 刘宝勤, 杨艳昭. 中国耕地资源 数量变化的趋势分析与数据重建: 1949-2003. 自然资源学报, 2005, 20(1): 35-43.]
[9] National Bureau of Statistics of China. China Statistical Yearbook-2007. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2007.
[中华人民 共和国国家统计局. 中国统计年鉴(2007). 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2007.]
[10] Zhu Huiyi, Li Xiubin, Xin Liangjie. Intensity change in cultivated land use in China and its policy implications. Journal of Natural Resources, 2007, 22(6), 907-915.
[朱会义, 李秀彬, 辛良杰. 现阶段我国耕地利用集约度变化及其政策启 示. 自然资源学报, 2007, 22(6): 907-915.]
[11] Li Xiubin, Zhu Huiyi, Tan Minghong et a1. Measurement of land use intensity. Progress in Geography, 2008, 27(6): 12-17.
[李秀彬, 朱会义, 谈明洪等. 土地利用集约度的测度方法, 2008, 27(6): 12-17.]
[12] Li X B, Wang X H. Changes in agricultural land use in China: 1981-2000. Asian Geographer, 2003, 22(1/2): 27-42.
[13] Liu Chengwu, Li Xiubin. The changing characteristics of the agricultural land use intensity in China based on the production cost. Journal of Natural Resources, 2006, 21(1): 9-15.
[刘成武, 李秀彬. 基于生产成本的中国农地利用集 约度的变化特征. 自然资源学报, 2006, 21(1): 9- 15.]
[14] Liu Chengwu, Li Xiubin. Time-sequence characteristics of the annual changes of the agricultural land use in China during the period 1980-2002. Transactions of the CSAE, 2006, 22(4): 194-198.
[刘成武, 李秀彬. 1980-2002 年中国农 地利用变化的时序特征. 农业工程学报, 2006, 22(4): 194-198.]
[15] Liu Chengwu, Li Xiubin.Regional disparity in the changes of agricultural land use intensity in China during 1980-2002. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2006, 16(3): 286-292.
[16] Zhang Lin, Zhang Fengrong, An Pingli et al. Comparative study of cultivated land use intensive degree and its change law at different economic levels. Transactions of the CSAE, 2008, 24(1): 108-112.
[张琳, 张凤荣, 安萍莉等. 不同经 济发展水平下的耕地利用集约度及其变化规律比较研究. 农业工程学报, 2008, 24(1): 108-112.]
[17] Li Zhensheng. Keep area, improve yield per unit area and save the consummation goods. Qiushi, 2008, (6): 44-46.
[李 振声. 保面积, 攻单产, 节消费: 关于我国粮食生产与消费的几点思考. 求是杂志, 2008, (6): 44-46.]
[18] Shriar A J. Agricultural intensity and its measurement in frontier regions. Agroforestry Systems, 2000, 49, 301-318.
[19] Shriar A J. Determinants of agricultural intensity index "scores" in a frontier region: An analysis of data from northern Guatemala. Agriculture and Human Values, 2005, 22: 395-410.
[20] Brookfield H C. Intensification and disintensification in Pacific agriculture. Pacific Viewpoint, 1972, 13(1): 30-48.
[21] Lin Yingyan. Land Economics. Taibei: Wensheng Press, 1999.
[林英彦. 土地经济学通论. 台北: 文笙书局, 1999.]
[22] Department of Rural Surveys. China Agricultural Yearbook (1980-2006). Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2006.
[国家统 计局农村社会经济调查司. 中国农业统计年鉴(1980-2006). 北京:中国统计出版社, 1981-2007.]
[23] Chen Yuqi, Li Xiubin, Zhu Huiyi. Factors related to changes in sown area of major crops in Zhejiang Province. Resources Science, 2008, 30(4): 609-614.
[陈瑜琦, 李秀彬, 朱会义. 浙江省近期农作物播种面积的变化及其主导因 素分析. 资源科学, 2008, 30(4): 609-614.]
[24] Hu Junbo. Endowment, uncertainty and the mobility of rural labor force in transitional period. Chengdu: Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, 2004.
[胡俊波. 禀赋、不确定性与转型期农村劳动力转移. 成都: 西南财经大 学博士学位论文, 2004.]
[25] Wang Chunguang. The impact of urban employment system on the survival and development of floating rural population in China. Journal of Zhejiang University (Humanities and Social Sciences), 2006, 36(5): 5-15.
[王春光. 我 国城市就业制度对进城农村流动人口生存和发展的影响. 浙江大学学报, 2006, 36(5): 5-15.]
[26] He Ruhai. A study on harmonization of rural labor force transfer and farmland conversion. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2006.
[何如海. 农村劳动力转移与农地非农化协调研究. 南京: 南京农业大学博士学位论 文, 2006.]
[27] Kong Xiangbin, Zhang Fengrong. The effects of the household land use objects change on the grain and ecology in China. Progress in Geography, 2008, 27(2): 112-120.
[孔祥斌, 张凤荣. 中国农户土地利用阶段差异及其对粮食生产 和生态的影响. 地理科学进展, 2008, 27(2): 112-120.]
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |