广东省就业空间的性别化及权力特征
收稿日期: 2009-03-30
修回日期: 2009-10-13
网络出版日期: 2010-04-25
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(40971088; 40401018); 教育部人文社会科学研究项目基金(09YJAZH105); 2009 年中山大学研究生教育教学改革研究项目(ZGEI026)
The Gendered Vocation Space and the Feature of Power-space in Guandong
Received date: 2009-03-30
Revised date: 2009-10-13
Online published: 2010-04-25
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40971088; No.40401018; Humanities and Social Sciences Foundation of Ministry of Education of China, No. 09YJAZH105; Project of Sun Yat-sen University, No.ZGEI026
采用2000年第五次人口普查的数据,以市辖区(县、市)为基本地理单元,对广东省的21个地级市133个样本进行性别与就业空间的实证研究。通过分别对男性和女性6类就业区的比较分析发现,①广东省不同性别的就业整体同构与一定程度的性别隔离并存。整体同构来自互补性的就业角色,两性关系是平等的;性别隔离来自于隔离性的就业角色,两性之间存在着控制与被控制的权力关系。女性就业在与男性总体平等的同时,也存在被边缘化的现象。②在经济全球化和世界制造业转移的大背景下,不同性别的就业空间形成了中心—边缘结构。高度集聚的就业活动分布在环珠江口的珠江三角洲的经济中心区,与珠三角以外的其他就业区在空间上形成了核心—边缘结构。③不同性别的就业空间具有权力特征,具有生产性。中心—边缘结构构建了一种以广州和深圳为极点的就业空间秩序,这种结构制约着区域就业空间新秩序的出现,也体现为区域就业秩序下一种社会经济关系的生成。④在地域文化的深刻影响下,除粤东部分传统地区之外,广东不同性别的就业差异并未构成整体的就业空间性别化。
林耿 . 广东省就业空间的性别化及权力特征[J]. 地理学报, 2010 , 65(4) : 427 -442 . DOI: 10.11821/xb201004005
Using the 5th census data on the spatial level of district (or county,or city),this paper analyses the relationship between gender and vocation-space including 133 samples in 21 cities.Through a comparative study between six kinds of men\'s vocation zones and another six kinds of women\'s vocation zones,the author comes to some conclusions.(1) Partial gender segregation is coexisting with the vocation-space omorphism between men and women.The work opportunities for men and women are equal on the whole,but in some fields gender segregation against women also exists.(2) The vocation-space is also a kind of power space which is productive.The power space is showed as a kind of core-periphery structure.It is formed not between men and women,but within the inner vocation-space of men and women separately.The structure is formed by a series of typical concentric circles.The high-aggregation vocations are distributed at the core area of Pearl River Delta Economic Region round the Pearl River Estuary,which become the core of space production and show a concentric-circle structure with other vocations at the peripheral area of Guangdong Province.(3) The core-periphery structure forms a kind of vocational space order which has two growth poles,Guangzhou and Shenzhen.The central area is in an absolutely dominant position,which is mainly composed of high-aggregation services or manufacture industries.And agriculture,housework and traditional business activities are mostly distributed at the peripheral area.The core-periphery structure indicates the emergence of a kind of regional social and economic relationship and it will restrict the possibilities of new procreative order\'s formations.(4) Under the influence of regional culture traits,vocations of men and women are diversified but do not form a kind of gender-biased vocation-space in Guangdong Province except the eastern area.
Key words： vocation-space; gender segregation; power; Guangdong Province
[1] Trevor J Barnes, Jamie Peck. Tong Xin et al. trans. Reading Economic Geography. Beijing: The Commercial Press, 2007: 232-236, 324-334. [特雷弗·J.巴恩斯, 杰米·佩克等主编. 童昕等译. 经济地理学读本. 北京: 商务印书馆, 2007: 232-236, 324-334.]
[2] Li Yinhe. Feminist. Jinan: Shandong People's Publishing House, 2005: 40-60. [李银河. 女性主义. 济南: 山东人民出版 社, 2005: 40-60.]
[3] Richard Peet. Zhou Shangyi et al. trans. Modern Geographical Thought. Beijing: The Commercial Press, 2007: 287, 310, 313. [理查德·皮特. 周尚意等译. 现代地理学思想. 北京: 商务印书馆, 2007: 287, 310, 313.]
[4] Maunel Castells. Xia Zhujiu et al. trans. The Power of Identity. Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press, 2003: 190-198. [曼纽尔·卡斯特. 夏铸久等译. 认同的力量. 北京: 社会科学文献出版社, 2003: 190-198.]
[5] Zhong Xueping, Laura Roskos. Boarder Crossing as Challenge: Selected Translations of Interdisciplinary Feminist Scholarship. Shanghai: Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Press, 2003: 27, 41. [钟雪萍, 劳拉·罗斯克. 越界的挑战: 跨学科女性主义研究. 上海: 上海社会科学院出版社, 2003: 27, 41.]
[6] Kahne H, Giele J Z (ed.). Women's Work and Women's Lives: The Continuing Struggle Worldwide. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1992.
[7] Tang Lin, Chen Weimin. Woman and the Family: A Gender Perspective. Tianjin: Tianjin People's Press, 2001: 114-115. [谭琳, 陈卫民. 女性与家庭: 社会性别视角的分析. 天津: 天津人民出版社, 2001: 114-115.]
[8] Gross E. Plus Ca Change? … The Sexual Structure of Occupations over Time. Social Problems, 1968,16:198-208.
[9] Barbara R. Sex segregation in workplace. Annual Review of Sociology, 1993, 19: 241-270.
[10] Richard A. Gender and jobs: Sex segregation of occupation in the world. Geneva: International Labor Office, 1998.
[11] Maria C. Models for describing the underlying structure of sex segregation. American Journal of Sociology, 1995, 100: 931-971.
[12] Sassen S. Analytic Borderlands: Race, Gender and Representation in the New City: Re-presenting the City. London: Macmillan, 1996.
[13] Colomina B. Sexuality and Space. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1992.
[14] Young I M. Justice and the Politics of Difference. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1990.
[15] Gatharin A M. Feminism, Marxism, method and the state: Toward feminist jurisprudence signs. Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 1982, (7): 515-544.
[16] Hochschild Arlie. A review of research on sex roles. American Journal of Socialogy, 1973, 78: 1011-1029.
[17] McDowell L. Life without father and Ford: A new gender order of post-Fordism. Transaction of the Institute of British Geographers, 1991, 16: 400-410.
[18] Massey D. Spatial Divisions of Labor. New York: Methuen, 1984.
[19] Scott A M. Gender Segregation and Social Change. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.
[20] Acker J. Hierarchies, jobs, bodies: A theory of gendered organisaitons. Gender and Society, 1990, (4): 139-158.
[21] Clark K. The Balkanization of Labor Markets. Labor Mobility and Economic Opportunity, Cambridge, MA: M.I.T. Press, l954, 92-110.
[22] Doeringer P, Piore M. Internal Labor Markets and Manpower Analysis. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath, l97l.
[23] Wu Yuxiao, Wu Xiaogang. A study on the sex segregation in non-agricultural occupations in China in 1982-2000. Society, 2008, 28(5): 128-152, 226-227. [吴愈晓, 吴晓刚. 1982-2000: 我国非农职业的性别隔离研究. 社会, 2008, 28(5): 128-152, 226-227.]
[24] Polachek S. Occupational segregation among women: Theory, evidence, and a prognosis//Women in the Labor Market. New York: Columbia University Press, 1979.
[25] Smith-Lovin L. You are who you know: A network approach to gender//Theory on Gender//Feminism on Theory. NY: Aldine, 1993.
[26] Paula E. Comparable Worth: Theories and Evidence. NY: Aldine, 1992.
[27] Trond P. Separate and unequal: Occupation-establishment sex segregation and the gender wage gap. American Journal of Sociology, 1995, 101(2): 329-365.
[28] Margaret M. The gender gap in earnings at career entry. American Sociological Review, 1997, 62: 588-604.
[29] Stuart Hall. Xu Liang, Lu Xinghua trans. Representation. Beijing: The Commercial Press, 2003: 49-50. [斯图尔特·霍 尔. 徐亮, 陆兴华译. 表征. 北京: 商务印书馆, 2003: 49-50.]
[30] Edward W Soja. Lu Yang et al. trans. Third Space: Journeys to Los Angeles and Other Real-and-imagined Places. Shanghai: Shanghai Education Press, 2005: 109-127, 140. [Edward W Soja. 陆扬等译. 第三空间: 去往洛杉矶和其他真实和想象地方的旅程. 上海: 上海教育出版社, 2005: 109-127, 140.]
[31] Knox P, Pinch S. Urban Social Geography: An Introduction. London: Prentice Hall, 2000.
[32] Duncan, Dudley O, Duncan B. A Methodological Analysis of Segregation Indexes.American Sociological Review , 1955,20:210-217.
[33] Jacobs, Jerry. Evolving Patterns of Sex Segregation. Sourcebook on Labor Markets: Evolving Structures and Processes. New York: Plenum,2001, 535-550.
[34] Cotter, David A, Joan M, etc. Gender Inequality at work. Washington, DC: Population Reference Bureau,2004.
[35] Anker R. Gender and Jobs: Sex Segregation of Occupation in the World. Geneva: International Labor Office, 1998. [36] Simone de Beauvior. Tao Tiezhu trans. Le Deuxiéme Sexe. Beijing: China Book Press, 2004: 9, 107. [西蒙娜·德·波 伏娃. 陶铁柱译. 第二性. 北京: 中国书籍出版社, 2004: 9, 107.]
[37] Young I M. Self Determination as a principle of justice.Philosophical Forum 11:172-182.
[38] Davidson L, Gardon L K. Cheng Zhiming et al. trans. Gender Sociology. Chongqing: Chongqing Press, 1989: 89. [达维 逊L, 果敦L K. 程志明等译. 性别社会学. 重庆: 重庆出版社, 1989: 89.]
[39] Situ Shangji. Guangdong Culture Geography. Guangzhou: Guangdong People's Publishing House, 1993: 81: 252-253, 409. [司徒尚纪. 广东文化地理. 广州: 广东人民出版社, 1993: 81: 252-253, 409.]
[40] Spain D. Gendered Spaces. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1992.
[41] Michael J Dear. Li Xiaokei et al. trans. The Postmodern Urban Condition. Shanghai: Shanghai Education Press, 2004: 72-73. [Michael J Dear. 李小科等译. 后现代都市状况. 上海: 上海教育出版社, 2004: 72-73.]
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |