我国喜马拉雅山区冰湖遥感调查与编目
收稿日期: 2009-09-23
修回日期: 2009-10-23
网络出版日期: 2010-01-25
基金资助
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-Q03-04); 国家自然科学基金课题(40801025, 40871043); 科技部科技基础性工作专项项目(2006FY110200)
Glacier Lake Investigation and Inventory in the Chinese Himalayas Based on the Remote Sensing Data
Received date: 2009-09-23
Revised date: 2009-10-23
Online published: 2010-01-25
Supported by
Knowledge Innovation Project of CAS No.KZCX2-YW-Q03-04; National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40801025; No.40871043; National Basic Work Program of Chinese MST (Glacier Inventory of China, No.2006FY110200
随着我国新一期冰川编目工作的进行和深入,开展全国范围内的冰湖编目已提上日程。基于278幅大比例尺地形图(20世纪70-80年代)、38景ASTER影像和7景TM(2004-2008年),通过建立冰湖编目规范,对我国喜马拉雅山区冰湖进行遥感调查与编目,分析近30年来冰湖的分布及其变化特征。结果显示:(1)本区2004-2008年间共有冰湖1680个,总面积215.28km2;(2)近30年来我国喜马拉雅山地区冰湖变化总体呈现数量减少、面积增大的趋势,数量减少了4%;总面积增大了29%;(3)近30年来有294个冰湖消失,新增加224个冰湖,变化最快的为冰碛湖,在消失的冰湖中66%为冰碛湖,新增加的冰湖中88%为冰碛湖。进一步分析表明冰湖面积增加是气候变暖、冰川退缩和冰川加速消融的产物。
王欣; 刘时银; 姚晓军; 郭万钦; 余蓬春; 许君利 . 我国喜马拉雅山区冰湖遥感调查与编目[J]. 地理学报, 2010 , 65(1) : 29 -36 . DOI: 10.11821/xb201001004
The criteria for glacier lake inventory were set up and two phases of glacier lake inventories work of the Chinese Himalayas were carried out on the basis of the 278 topography maps(1970s-1980s),38 ASTER images(2004-2008,including 7 Land-sat Thematic Mapper images from 2004-2008 were used to fill the minor gaps between ASTER images),the DEMs and slope maps generated from the 278 topography maps and etc.in this paper.In comparison to the two phases of glacier lake inventories data,we found that the glacier lake variations are characterized by a general trend of "the decrease in the number of glacier lakes and the increase in area of glacier lakes"in the Chinese Himalayas during the past 30 years.Further analysis shows that,in recent 30 years,(1) the number of glacier lake decreased from 1750 to 1680(with a rate of 4%) whereas the area of glacier lake increased from 166.48 km2 to 215.28 km2(with a rate of 29%);(2) A total of 294 glacier lakes disappeared and 224 glacier lakes formed;(3) among the 6 types of glacier lakes,66% that disappeared were glacier lakes and 88% of newly formed glacier lakes were moraine-dammed ones;(4) the glacier lakes varied more significantly at the edge of survival glaciers due to the fact that the climate was warming and glaciers were retreating in the region of Chinese Himalayas.
[1] IPCC. Climate Change 2007: The scientific Basis//Solomon S D, Qin D, Manning M et al.//Contribution of Working Group Ⅰ to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, 2007: 1-996.
[2] Ng F, Liu S, Mavlyudov B et al. climatic control on the peak discharge of glacier outburst floods. Geophysical Research Letter, 2007, 34:L21503, doi:10.1029/2007GL031426.
[3] McKillop R J, Clague J J. Statistical, remote sensing-based approach for estimating the probability of catastrophic drainage from moraine-dammed lakes in southwestern British Columbia. Global and Planetary Change, 2007, 56: 153-171.
[4] Kargel J S, Abrams M J, Bishop M P et al. Multispectral imaging contributions to global land ice measurements from space. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2005, 99: 187-219.
[5] Wu Yanhong, Zhu Liping. The response of lake-glacier variations to climate change in Nam Co Catchment, central Tibetan Plateau, during 1970-2000. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2008, 18(2): 177-189.
[6] Huggel C, Kääb A, Haeberli W et al. Remote sensing based assessment of hazards from glacier lake outbursts: a case study in the Swiss Alps. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2002, 39, 316-330.
[7] Mool P K, Bajracharya S R, Joshi S P. Inventory of glaciers, glacial lakes and glacial lake outburst floods, Nepal. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu, Nepal. 2001, pp374.
[8] Mool P K, Wangda D, Bajracharya S R et al. Inventory of glaciers, glacial lakes and glacial lake outburst floods, Bhutan. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu, Nepal, 2001: 253.
[9] Bajracharya S R, Mool P K, Shrestha B R. Impact of climate change on Himalayan glaciers and glacial lakes: Case studies on GLOF and associated hazards in Nepal and Bhutan. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Nepal, 2007: 119.
[10] Wang Xin, Xie Zichu, Li Qiaoyuan et al. Sensitivity Analysis of Glacier Systems to Climate Warming in China. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2008, 18(2): 190-200.
[11] Wang Xin, Liu Shiyin, Guo Wanqin et al. Hazard assessment of moraine-dammed lake outburst floods in the Himalayas, China. Acta Geographycia Sinica, 2009, 64(7): 782-790.[王欣, 刘时银, 郭万钦等. 我国喜马拉雅山区冰 碛湖溃决危险性评价. 地理学报, 2009, 64(7): 782-790.]
[12] Liu Chaohai, Sharma C K. Report on First Expedition to Glaciers and Glacier Lakes in the Pumqu (Arun) and Poiqu (Bhote-SunKosi) River Basin, Xizang (Tibet), China. Beijing: Science Press, 1988: 192.
[13] Che Tao, Jin Rui, Li Xin et al. Glacial lakes variation and the potentially dangerous glacial lakes in the Pumqu Basin of Tibet during the last two decades. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2004, 26(4): 397-402.[车涛, 晋锐, 李新 等. 近20a来西藏朋曲流域冰湖变化及潜在溃决冰湖分析. 冰川冻土, 2004, 26(4): 397-402.]
[14] Chen Xiaoqing, Cui Peng, Yang Zhong et al. Change in glaciers and glacier lakes in Boiqu River Basin, middle Himalayas during last 15 years. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2005, 27(6): 793-800.
[陈晓清, 崔鹏, 杨忠 等. 近15a喜马拉雅山中段波曲流域冰川和冰湖变化. 冰川冻土, 2005, 27(6): 793-800.]
[15] Che Tao, Li Xin, Mool P K et al. Monitoring glaciers and associated glacial lakes on the east slope of Mount Xixiabangma from remote sensing images. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2005, 27(6): 810-805.[车涛, 李 新, Mool P K 等. 西夏邦马峰东坡冰川与冰湖泊变化的遥感监测. 冰川冻土, 2005, 27(6): 801-805.]
[16] Lu Anxin. Study on the relationship between glacier and lake fluctuations in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau [D]. Beijing: Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2006.[鲁安 新. 青藏高原冰川与湖泊现代变化关系研究[D]. 北京: 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所, 2006.]
[17] Ye Qinghua, Yao Tandong, Naruse Renji. Glacier and lake variations in the Mapam Yumco basin, western Himalaya of the Tibetan Plateau, from 1974-2003 using remote-sensing and GIS technologies. Journal of Glaciology, 2008, 54 (188): 933-935.
[18] Wu Tonghua. A study on response of permafrost to global climate change on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau [D]. Beijing: Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2005.[吴通 华. 青藏高原多年冻土对全球气候变化的相应研究[D]. 北京: 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所, 2005.]
[19] Wang Xin, Liu Shiyin, Guo Wanqin et al. Assessment and simulation of glacier lake outburst floods for Longbasaba and Pida, China. Mountain Research and Development, 2008, 28(3/4): 310-317.
[20] Hall D K, Bayr K J, Schöner W et al. Consideration of the errors inherent in mapping historical glacier positions in Austria from ground and space (1893-2001). Remote Sensing of Environment, 2003, 86: 566-577.
[21] Williams R S, Jr D K, Hall O et al. Comparison of satellite-derived with ground-based measurements of the fluctuations of the margins of Vatnajökull, Iceland, 1973-92. Annals of Glaciology, 1997, 24: 72-80.
[22] Ren Jiawen, Qin Dahe, Kang Shichang et al. Glacier variations and climate warming and drying in the central Himalayas. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2004, 49: 65-69.
[23] Zhang Fei, Liu Jingshi, Gong Tongliang et al. Hydrological Regime of the Karuxung Water shed in North Himalayas. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006, 61(11): 1141-1148.[张菲, 刘景时, 巩同梁等. 喜马拉雅山北坡卡鲁雄曲径流与气候 变化. 地理学报, 2006, 61(11): 1141-1148.]
[24] Yao Tandong, Pu Jianchen, Tian Lide et al. Recent rapid retreat of the Naimona'nyi glacier in southwestern Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2007, 29(4): 503-508.[姚檀栋, 蒲健辰, 田立德等. 喜马拉雅山西段 纳木那尼冰川正在强烈萎缩. 冰川冻土, 2007, 29(4): 503-508.]
[25] Ye Qinghua, Yao Tandong, Kang Sichang et al. Glacier variations in the Mt. Naimona'Nyi Region, Western Himalayas, in the last three decades. Annals of Glaciology, 2006, 43: 385-389.
[26] Jin Rui, Li Xin, Che Tao et al. Change of glacier area in the Pumqu River Basin, Tibetan Plateau between the 1970s and 2001. Journal of Glaciology, 2005, 51(175): 607-610.
[27] Ye Q, Zhu L, Zheng H et al. Glacier and lake variations in the Yamzhog Yumco basin, southern Tibetan Plateau, from 1980 to 2000 using remote sensing and GIS technologies. Journal of Glaciology, 2007, 53(183): 673-676.
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |