转型期广州城市居民居住与就业地区位选择的空间关系及其变迁
收稿日期: 2009-05-08
修回日期: 2009-11-13
网络出版日期: 2010-02-25
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(40971098; 40871081); 国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAC03A11-03)
The Situation and Transition of Jobs-housing Relocation in Guangzhou, China
Received date: 2009-05-08
Revised date: 2009-11-13
Online published: 2010-02-25
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40971098; No.40871081; National Key Technology R&D Program, No. 2007BAC03A11-03
近年来,中国城市交通拥挤现象日渐突出,以交通基础设施建设为主导的单一交通供给已经很难满足交通日益增长的需求,交通需求管理成为解决交通拥挤问题的又一出路。因居民居住与就业地空间分离而产生的日常通勤是构成高峰小时交通需求的主要原因。以广州市为例,采用追溯式问卷调查的方式,调查分析1996-2007年居民居住与就业地区位选择与变迁,并探讨其影响因素和机制。研究发现,体制转型对居民居住与就业地选择产生重要的影响,计划经济体制下形成的街区,居民的居住地与就业地相对稳定;市场化改革后新建或改建的街区,居民搬家和换工作的频度较高。在1996-2007年期间,居民居住地与就业地距离总体上呈现增加趋势,以商品房小区最为明显,价格、环境与岗位属性是影响居民搬家和变换工作的主要原因,在与短距离通勤无法兼得的情况下,很多居民选择以长距离通勤为代价换取更好的居住与就业条件。其次,保障性住房政策下形成的典型街区内部居民分化明显,形成原住户、转售后的商品房住户、转租房住户等三类为主导的住户结构,前两者存在较明显的居住与就业空间不匹配现象。此外,区位和个人属性也影响着居民居住与就业地的选择两者的空间距离。在区位方面,城市中心区的就业吸引力仍较突出,靠近中心区的住户居住与就业距离较短,且呈近距离重新择居或择业;由于居住外迁和产业外迁而分别引发的长距离向心型和外向型通勤共同存在,尤其是前者;在个人属性方面,中等收入水平的阶层是搬家和变换工作相对频繁的阶层。宏观层面上城市居住与就业空间的不匹配、城市空间拓展、单一功能外迁下的用地结构、社会经济转型与政策性福利以及阶层分化背景下引发的个性化选择等是影响居民居住地与就业地空间关系的重要原因。
周素红; 刘玉兰 . 转型期广州城市居民居住与就业地区位选择的空间关系及其变迁[J]. 地理学报, 2010 , 65(2) : 191 -201 . DOI: 10.11821/xb201002006
Traffic jam is now becoming one of the most serious problems in urban China. Transportation supply can not meet with the increase of traffic demand, thus Traffic Demand Management (TDM) is another important way for resolving the problem. The mismatch of jobs-housing is one of the key reasons of traffic demand during rush hour every day. A case study is conducted in Guangzhou based on a historic survey of peoples\' jobs-housing relocation for the period 1996-2007, and some conclusions are obtained. The original planning system of China still plays an important role in people\'s jobs-housing hunting and daily activities. The more marketing, the longer distance and the more frequent relocation of jobs and housing is emerging. During 1996-2007, the distance of jobs and housing is increasing for most of the people, especially for those living in commercial houses. Price, environment and the attribute of the jobs are given more priority. In order to get better jobs and housing, people sometimes would have to commute longer. At the same time, the main composition of the housing property right in Government-led low-income housing communities has transferred, and the jobs-housing mismatch among the residents in alleviatory (Jiekun fang) houses and commercial houses in these communities has become striking. Moreover, location of housing and personal attribute also have some influence on job-housing location. The closer to the jobs center, the shorter distance and relocation is between jobs and housing. The middle class changes their jobs and housing much more frequently. Jobs-housing mismatch, expansion of urban space, political welfare and the transformation of social and economic system are the main courses of jobs-housing relocation.
Key words： commuting; jobs-housing; urban structure; Guangzhou
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