临界簇模型及其在地面公交线网可达性评价中的应用
收稿日期: 2008-09-19
网络出版日期: 2009-06-25
基金资助
教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金资助 (教外司留[2007]24); 科技部“十一五”科技支撑计划项目 (2006BAJ10B03)
The Critical Cluster Model and Its Application in Accessibility Assessment of Public Bus Network
Received date: 2008-09-19
Online published: 2009-06-25
Supported by
Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, Ministry of Education, No.[2007]24; National Key Technology R&D Program in the 11th Five-year Plan, Ministry of Science and Technology, No.2006BAJ10B03
发展公共交通对于解决城市交通问题意义重大，提高地面公交可达性是增强公共交通吸引力的有效途径之一。用于区域疏散风险评价的临界簇模型 (Critical Cluster Model，CCM) 将需要疏散的人口与由此产生的对道路容量的需求相结合，通过对道路网进行全局优化，确定具有较高疏散困难度的区域。基于道路容量需求与可达性所表征的交通便捷程度意义相反的关系，以地面公交线网为对象，在已知城市人口分布的条件下，考虑公交线路重复数的影响，对CCM加以改进，提出通过计算公共交通线路容量需求来评价地面公交线网可达性的方法。将CCM应用于北京市地面公交线网可达性评价的结果表明，这一方法具有一定的实用性。鉴于地面公交线网可达性的重要意义和CCM的可扩展性，今后需要在现有工作基础上，对可达性评价方法进行深入探讨。
关键词： 临界簇模型 (CCM); 公共交通线网; 可达性; 地理信息系统 (GIS); 北京
陈翔1, 李强1, 王运静1, 陈晋2, 唐巧3 . 临界簇模型及其在地面公交线网可达性评价中的应用[J]. 地理学报, 2009 , 64(6) : 693 -700 . DOI: 10.11821/xb200906006
The Critical Cluster Model (CCM) is a network optimization model that can be used to identify neighborhoods facing transportation difficulties during an evacuation process. It defines the Bulk Lane Demand (BLD) as the ratio of population to exit capacity that is adversative to the meaning of accessibility. Based on this context, this paper applies CCM to assess the accessibility of public bus network by introducing multiple bus lines in the certain road sections and considering the spatial distribution of population being assigned to each bus stop. The bulk bus line demand, as the substitution of original BLD, is therefore used to reflect the people,s convenience in taking public buses. An application of CCM in accessibility assessment of public bus network in Beijing tests the flexibility of this method. Considering the importance of accessibility in urban transportation, the modification of CCM by introducing other factors should be the focus of further studies.
[1] Hansen W G. How accessibility shapes land-use. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 1959, 25(1): 73-76.
[2] Morris J M, Dumble P L, Wigan M R. Accessibility indicators for transport planning. Transportation Research Part A, 1978, 13: 91-109.
[3] Bonnie M S, Fred L M. Measuring post-disaster transportation system performance: The 1985 Kobe earthquake in comparative perspective. Washington D.C.: TRB 78th Annual Meeting Preprint CD-ROM, TRB, National Research Council, 1989.
[4] Yang Jiawen, Zhou Yixing. Accessibility: Concept, measurement and application. Geography and Territorial Research, 1999, 15(2): 61-66. [杨家文, 周一星. 通达性: 概念, 度量及应用. 地理学与国土研究, 1999, 15(2): 61-66.]
[5] Bruinsma F. The accessibility of European cities. Environment and Planning, 1998, 30(3): 499-521.
[6] Baxter R S, Leniz G. The measurement of relative accessibility. Regional Studies, 1975, 9: 15-26.
[7] Vickerman R W. Accessibility, attraction and potential: A review of some concepts and their use in determining mobility. Environment and Planning, 1974, 6(6): 675-691.
[8] Muraco W A. Interurban accessibility. Economic Geography, 1972, 48: 388-405.
[9] Davidson K B. Accessibility in transport/land-use modeling and assessment. Environment and Planning, 1977, 9(12): 1401-1416.
[10] Li Pinghua, Lu Yuqi. Review and prospectation of accessibility research. Progress in Geography, 2005, 24(3): 69-77. [李平华, 陆玉麒. 可达性研究的回顾与展望. 地理科学进展, 2005, 24(3): 69-77.]
[11] Breheny M J. The measurement of spatial opportunity in strategic planning. Regional Studies, 1978, 12(4): 463-479.
[12] Lu Dadao. Regional Development and Its Spatial Structure. Beijing: Science Press, 1995. 117-124. [陆大道. 区域发展及其空间结构. 北京: 科学出版社, 1995. 117-124.]
[13] Cao Xiaoshu, Yan Xiaopei. The impact of the evolution of land network on spatial structure of accessibility in the developed areas: The case of Dongguan city in Guangdong province. Geographical Research, 2003, 22(31): 305-312. [曹小曙, 阎小培. 经济发达地区交通网络演化对通达性空问格局的影响: 以广东省东莞市为例. 地理研究, 2003, 22(31): 305-312.]
[14] Li Siming, Shum Yiman. Impact of the national trunk highway system on accessibility in China. Journal of Transport Geography, 2001, 9: 39-48.
[15] Xu Di, Lu Yuqi. Impact of the trunk highway system on accessibility of the municipalities in Jiangsu. Economic Geography, 2004, 24(6): 830-833. [徐旳, 陆玉麒. 高等级公路网建设对区域可达性的影响: 以江苏省为例. 经济地理, 2004, 24(6): 830-833.]
[16] Jin Fengjun, Wang Jiao'e. Railway network expansion and spatial accessibility analysis in China: 1906-2000. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2004, 59(2): 293-302. [金凤君, 王娇娥. 20世纪中国铁路网扩展及其空间通达性. 地理学报, 2004, 59(2): 293-302.]
[17] Cova T J, Church R L. Modelling community evacuation vulnerability using GIS. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 1997, 11(8): 763-784.
[18] Church R L, Cova T J. Mapping evacuation risk on transportation networks using a spatial optimization model. Transportation Research Part C, 2000, 8(1): 321-336.
[19] Kwan M P, Murray A T, O'Kelly M E et al. Recent advances in accessibility research: Representation, methodology and applications. Journal of Geographical Systems, 2003, 5(1): 129-138.
[20] Kwan M P. Gender and individual access to urban opportunities: A study using space-time measures. Professional Geographer, 1999, 51(2): 210-227.
[21] Cao Yu, Hu Guangdao. Application of Geographical Information System. Computer and Modernazation, 1999, 61(3): 1-4. [曹瑜, 胡光道. 地理信息系统在国内外应用现状. 计算机与现代化, 1999, 61(3): 1-4.]
[22] Flowerdew R, Green M. Developments in the area interpolation methods and GIS. Annals of Regional Science, 1992, 26: 67-78.
[23] Zhuo Li, Chen Jin, Shi Peijun et al. Modeling population density of China in 1998 based on DMSP/OLS nighttime light image. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2005, 60(2): 266-276. [卓莉, 陈晋, 史培军 等. 基于夜间灯光数据的中国人口密度模拟. 地理学报, 2005, 60(2): 266-276.]
[24] Wang Yunjing, Li Qiang, Hayashi Y et al. CCM-based accessibility evaluation of the public bus network in Beijing City, China. Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, 2009, 7. (submitted)
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |