关中西部漆水河全新世特大洪水与环境演变
收稿日期: 2006-11-12
修回日期: 2006-12-27
网络出版日期: 2007-03-25
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(40571154; 40471119); 教育部博士点基金项目(20050718008); 陕西省自然科学基金 项目(2006D01)
Holocene Extreme Floods and Environmental Change of Qishuihe River in Western Guanzhong Basin
Received date: 2006-11-12
Revised date: 2006-12-27
Online published: 2007-03-25
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40571154; No.40471119; Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China, No.20050718008; Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province, No. 2006D01
古洪水水文学研究是全球变化研究的前沿课题。本文通过对漆水河流域深入调查研究, 在漆水河与湋河交汇的二级阶地全新世黄土—土壤剖面中发现古洪水沉积夹层, 利用沉积地貌学、沉积学、考古学和释光年代学方法, 确定了在全新世时期的11500 年内, 漆水河曾经在4650~4600a BP、4600~4300a BP、4300~4100a BP 和3100~3000a BP 发生了4 期20 次洪水事件。通过利用水位—流量关系模型, 计算出这4 期20 次特大洪水的洪峰流量, 大大延长了洪水水文数据序列, 并建立了漆水河全新世洪水频率曲线, 科学、系统地提高了漆水河洪水水文学计算精度, 增强了渭河流域防洪减灾和水资源开发当中洪水频率分析的可靠性。这项研究成果对于我国著名的农业科技城—杨凌的防洪减灾、水资源开发和生态环境建设具有重要的应用价值, 同时填补了渭河流域古洪水水文学研究的空白, 对于渭河流域生态环境综合治理具有重要的科学意义。
查小春, 黄春长, 庞奖励 . 关中西部漆水河全新世特大洪水与环境演变[J]. 地理学报, 2007 , 62(3) : 291 -300 . DOI: 10.11821/xb200703006
Palaeoflood hydrologic study was a leading subject in the global change study. Using sediment physiognomy, archaeology and OSL chronology, the palaeoflood slacking deposits were found and analyzed on T2 terrace between the Qishuihe and Weihe rivers. The results showed that 20 palaeoflood events happened in the 4 periods of 4650-4600 a BP, 4400-4300 a BP, 4200-4100 a BP and 3100-3010 a BP since 11500 a BP, respectively. Then their peak discharges were calculated according to the hydrology principle, which greatly prolonged the flood data sequence in the Qishuihe river valley. And the flood frequency curve was established to enhance the reliability to control and reduce flood disasters in this valley. This research result is not only practical to the flood control, water resources exploitation and eco-environmental construction for Yangling, a well-known agricultural and high-tech city in Northwest China, but also fills in the blank of the palaeoflood hydrologic study in the Weihe River Basin, which is of great scientific significance to the comprehensive improvement of the eco-environment of the river basin.
[1] Zhan Daojiang, Xie Yuebo. Palaeoflood Study. Beijing: China WaterPower Press, 2001. 1-89.
[詹道江, 谢悦波. 古洪水 研究. 北京: 中国水利水电出版社, 2001. 1-89.]
[2] Benito G, Sopea A, Snchez-Moya Y et al. Palaeoflood record of the Tagus River (Central Spain) during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. Quaternary Science Reviews, 2003, 22(15-17): 1737-1756.
[3] Li Chang'an, Huang Junhua, Zhang Yufen et al. Preliminary study of palaeoflood of Last Glacial Maximum in upper reaches of the Yellow River. Earth Science: Journal of China University of Geoscience, 2002, 27(4): 456-458.
[李长安, 黄俊华, 张玉芬等. 黄河上游末次冰盛期古洪水事件的初步研究. 地球科学: 中国地质大学学报, 2002, 27(4): 456-458.]
[4] Zhang Yusheng. Flood analysis on Weihe River Basin. Gansu Shuili Shuidian Jishu, 2005, (4): 345-346.
[张育生. 渭河 流域洪水分析. 甘肃水利水电技术, 2005, (4): 345-346.]
[5] Zhang Xingnan, Luo Jian, Chen Lei et al. Zoning of Chinese flood hazard risk. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2000, (3): 1-7.
[张行南, 罗健, 陈雷等. 中国洪水灾害危险程度区划. 水利学报, 2000, (3): 1-7.]
[6] Baker V R et al. Palaeoflood hydrology and extraordinary flood events. Journal of Hydrology, 1987, 96: 79-99.
[7] Yang Dayuan, XieYuebo. Palaeoflood slack water deposits. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1997, 15(3): 29-32.
[杨达源, 谢悦波. 古洪水平流沉积. 沉积学报, 1997, 15(3): 29-32.]
[8] Xie Yuebo, Jiang Hongtao. Palaeoflood study: Excavating great flood history on rivers. Journal of Nanjing University (Natural Sciences), 2001, 37(3): 390-395.
[谢悦波, 姜红涛. 古洪水研究: 挖掘河流大洪水的编年史. 南京大学学报 (自然科学版), 2001, 37(3): 390-395.]
[9] Zhan Daojiang, Xie Yuebo. New advance in flood calculation: Palaeoflood study. Hydrology, 1997, (1): 1-6.
[詹道江,谢 悦波. 洪水计算的新进展: 古洪水研究. 水文, 1997, (1): 1-6.]
[10] Baker V R et al. Desert palaeofloods in central Australia. Nature, 1983, 301: 502-504.
[11] Compilation Committee for Records of Wugong's Geography (ed.). Records of Wugong's Geography. Xi'an: Shaanxi People's Press, 2001. 79-83.
[武功地方志编纂委员会编. 武功县志. 西安: 陕西人民出版社, 2001. 79-83.]
[12] Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Collection of the 14C Dates in Chinese Archaeology Between 1965-1991. Beijing: Cultural Relics Publishing House, 1991. 125-131.
[中国社会科学院考古研究所. 中国考 古学中碳十四年代数据集(1965-1991). 北京: 文物出版社, 1991. 125-131.]
[13] Zhou Mingfu, Zhou Weijian, Head J. Stratigraphy and 14C dating of Beizhuangcun Profile during the last 30,000 years. In: Liu Tungsheng (ed.). Loess, Quaternary Geology and Global Change (I). Beijing: Science Press, 1991. 12-19.
[周明 富, 周卫健, Head J. 最近三万年北庄村剖面年地层学与14C 测年. 见: 黄土. 第四纪. 全球变化(第1 集). 北京: 科 学出版社, 1991. 12-19.]
[14] Zhou W J, An Z S, Jull A et al. Reappraisal of Chinese Loess Plateau stratigraphical sequence over the last 30000 years: Process of an important Holocene monsoon climatic event. Radiocarbon, 1998, 40(2): 905-913.
[15] Huang Chunchang, Pang Jiangli, Chen Baoqun et al. Land degradation and its social impaction in the Weihe River Drainage Basin during the Predynasitic Zhou-Western Zhou Dynasty. Quaternary Sciences, 2003, 23(4): 404-414.
[ 黄 春长, 庞奖励, 陈宝群等. 渭河流域先周—西周时代环境和水土资源退化及其社会影响. 第四纪研究, 2003, 23(4): 404-414.]
[16] Liu Xiuming, Liu Tungsheng, John Shaw. Magnetic mineral characteristics of Chinese loess and its palaeoclimatic significance. Quaternary Sciences, 1993, 13(3): 281-287.
[刘秀铭, 刘东生, John Shaw. 中国黄土磁性矿物特征及其 古气候意义. 第四纪研究, 1993, 13(3): 281-287.]
[17] Barbara A Maher. Paleorainfall reconstructions from pedogenic magnetic susceptibility variation in the Chinese loess and paleosols. Quaternary Research, 1995, 44(3): 383-391.
[18] Liu Tungsheng. Loess and Environment. Beijing: Science Press, 1985. 62-81.
[刘东生. 黄土与环境. 北京: 科学出版 社, 1985. 62-81.
[19] McManus J. Grain size determination and interpretation. In: Tucker M (ed.). Techniques in Sedimentology. Oxford: Blackwell, 1988. 63-85.
[20] Yang Dayuan. Sedimentary records of large Holocene floods from the middle reaches of the Yellow River, China. Geomorphology, 2000, 33: 73-88.
[21] Xie Yuebo, Fei Yuhong, Shen Qipeng. Slack water deposits and flow peak level of a paleoflood. Acta Geoscientia Sinica, 2001, 22(4): 320-323.
[谢悦波, 费宇红, 沈起鹏. 古洪水平流沉积与水位. 地球学报, 2001, 22(4): 320-323.]
[22] Waythomas C F, Jarrett R D. Flood geomorphology of Arthurs Rock Gulch, Colorado: Plaeoflood history. Geomorphology, 1994, 11(1): 15-40.
[23] Kochel R C. Extending stream records with slackwater palaeoflood hydrology: Examples from West Texas. Baker V R, Kochel R C. Flood Geomorphology. John Wiley & Sons, 1988. 377-391.
[24] Compilation Group for Records of Xianyang' s Geography of Geography Department of Northwest University. Records of Xianyang's Geography. Xi'an: Shaanxi People's Press, 1991. 73-86.
[陕西师大地理系《咸阳市地理志》编写组. 陕西 省咸阳市地理志. 西安: 陕西人民出版社, 1991. 73-86.]
[25] Yi Xuefa, Shi Yaqin. History change about Zhouyuan and the latest activity of big rupture in Weihe River. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 1994, 16(3): 341-345.
[易学发, 师亚芹. 周原的历史演变与渭河大断裂的最新活动. 地震学报, 1994, 16(3): 341-345.]
[26] Song Yuqin, Cui Haiting, Xu Tianjin et al. Investigate Modern Landforms of Zhou Yuan and Restore Historical Landscape. Collections of Essays on Chinese Historical Geography, 2002, 17(1): 30-40.
[宋豫秦, 崔海亭. 周原现代地 貌考察和历史景观复原. 中国历史地理论丛, 2002, 17(1): 30-40.]
[27] Shi Fucheng, Yi Yuanjun, Mu Ping. Investigation, Research and Study on the Yellow River historical flood. Zhengzhou: Yellow River Water Conservancy Press, 2000. 81-123.
[史辅成, 易元俊, 慕平. 黄河历史洪水调查、考证 和研究. 郑州: 黄河水利出版社, 2002. 81-123.]
[28] Huang Chunchang. The deterioration of land resources and the change in human-earth relationships in the Weihe River Basin at 3100 a B.P. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2001, 21(1): 30-35.
[黄春长. 渭河流域3100 年前资源退化与人地 关系演变. 地理科学, 2001, 21(1): 30-35.]
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |