中国农村房屋震灾脆弱性评估及其成因分析

doi:10.11821/xb201202007

地理学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 67 ›› Issue (2): 211-220.doi: 10.11821/xb201202007

中国农村房屋震灾脆弱性评估及其成因分析

高晓路¹, 季珏^1,2, 金凤君¹, 牛方曲¹

1. 中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室, 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101;
2. 中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2011-02-16 修回日期:2011-12-08 出版日期:2012-02-20 发布日期:2012-02-20
基金资助:
国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAK07B02; 2008BAK50B05); 国家自然科学基金项目(41171138)

Seismic Vulnerability of Rural Housing and Regional Anti-disaster Strategies in China

GAO Xiaolu¹, JI Jue^1,2, JIN Fengjun¹, NIU Fangqu¹

1. Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, CAS; Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China;
2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2011-02-16 Revised:2011-12-08 Published:2012-02-20 Online:2012-02-20
Supported by:
National Technology R&D Program, No.2011BAK07B02; No.2008BAK50B05; National Natural ScienceFoundation of China, No.41171138

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 中国农村地区的房屋普遍处于地震未设防的状态,在地震中房屋结构破坏是造成人员伤亡和财产损失的主要因素。作为重要的灾害承险体之一,从房屋结构方面进行区域震灾损失的预测对把握各个地区的灾害脆弱性,科学地制定区域防灾战略和规划具有极其重要的意义。①基于中国县级尺度房屋结构数据库的前期基础工作,以2000 年中国地震区划为基本依据,参考震灾条件下的不同结构房屋破坏比和易损性曲线的研究成果,对中国县级空间尺度的农村房屋震灾脆弱性进行了整体评估。② 根据房屋破坏损失的预测结果,将中国农村地区划分为低脆弱性、一般脆弱性、较高脆弱性和极高脆弱性地区4 类,并对较高、极高脆弱性地区的空间分布规律进行了分析。结果表明,中国约18.6%的县处于脆弱性较高和极高的地区,主要集聚在南疆,北疆的乌苏、精河、伊宁等地区,陕西、甘肃、宁夏地区,山东中南部、安徽、江苏等地区,西藏南部边境地区,云南以及青藏高原板块边缘纵贯青川滇的都兰—玛多—道孚—泸定—冕宁—昆明—建水沿线地区。③ 根据各个地区震灾脆弱性的成因和类型,以及较高、很高脆弱性地区的区域发展水平特征,提出了区域防灾策略的建议。

关键词: 地震, 房屋结构, 脆弱性, 暴露量, 房屋破坏, 风险损失, 中国

Abstract: In China, more than 80% of the total loss of seismic disasters happened in rural areas. In particular, damages of rural housing have been the main cause of casualties and property losses. This study evaluated the seismic vulnerability of counties in terms of the structure of rural houses, based on the share of different building structures including wood, brick, mix, reinforced concrete, the earthquake intensity zoning of China, and probabilities of building damage by structures. With a comprehensive damage index made up of damage amount and damage ratio, all the counties are classified into four vulnerability levels: low, medium, high, and extremely high. Then the influencing factors of vulnerabilities and their spatial differentiations are explored, including those of building structure, earthquake intensity and population density. Accordingly, suggestions are made for anti-disaster strategies in different areas.

Key words: Earthquake, housing structure, Vulerability, exposure, housing damage, seismic loss, China

高晓路, 季珏, 金凤君, 牛方曲. 中国农村房屋震灾脆弱性评估及其成因分析[J]. 地理学报, 2012, 67(2): 211-220.

GAO Xiaolu, JI Jue, JIN Fengjun, NIU Fangqu. Seismic Vulnerability of Rural Housing and Regional Anti-disaster Strategies in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012, 67(2): 211-220.

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中国农村房屋震灾脆弱性评估及其成因分析

Seismic Vulnerability of Rural Housing and Regional Anti-disaster Strategies in China

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