关键词: 稻作农业起源, 遗址, 野稻, 稻谷, 稻作起源, 粳稻, 云南, 杭州湾两岸, 越族, 野生稻

Abstract: Concerning the problem of the origin of paddy rice cultivation there are two aspe- cts: 1. where and when the paddy rice cultivation originated; 2. how the cultivated spe- cies evolved.Up to now .there are 40 neolithic cultural sites in which a great amount of remains of paddy rice have been discovered. Two of there, Lujiao and Homodu sites, along the Hanigzhou Wan (Hangzhou Bay) dated as early as 7000 B.P.. The delta plain from the Hangzhou Wan to Taihu Lake appears to be the earliest centre for the cultivation of paddy rice in China.The spread of paddy rice cultivation is a process of cultural exchange between dif-ferent regions. It spread from the Hangzhou Wan area to the neighbouring regions fo-uowing the river courses lakes and sea coast. Among these the Chang Jiang (Yangtze River) was the mest important artery. Paddy rice cultivation spread westward to the Chang Jiang Gorges area about 5000 B.P., southward to the Zhu Jiang (Zhujiang Ri-ver) basin about 4500 B.P., south-westward to the highlands of yunnan and northward to the Huang He basin about 3000 B.P.. It spred also eastward to Taiwan about 3000 B.P..Differention and variation of the speci?s of paddy rice are the results of cultivation and spreading. Oriza sativa L., subsp. Keng Ting and O. s. L. sabsp. Hesin Ting were differentiated from the wild plants when they were domesticated. The plain surround- ing the Hangzhou Wan was the centre of differentiation.