地理学报 ›› 1981, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (1): 22-32.doi: 10.11821/xb198101003

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

青藏高原气候区划

林振耀, 吴祥定   

  1. 中国科学院地理研究所
  • 出版日期:1981-01-15 发布日期:1981-01-15

CUMATIC REGIONALIZATION OF THE QINGHAI-XIZANGPLATEAU

Lin Zhenyao, Wu Xiangding   

  1. Institute of Geography, Academia Sinica
  • Published:1981-01-15 Online:1981-01-15

摘要: 青藏高原是世界上最高的大高原,平均晦拔为4500米,素有“世界屋脊”之称。 由于青藏高原海拔高,空气稀薄,大气干洁,因而太阳辐射和日照均比同纬度地区大得多。尽管高原上温度状况的分布,也受纬度变动而有南北间的差异,但因海拔高度,下垫面状况等非地带性因素影响,以至于温度不呈纬向带状分布。高原的温度和水分条件具有自西北向东南变化的特征,高原的西北部比较严寒干燥,东南部比较温暖湿润。

关键词: 气候区划, 青藏高原, 最暖, 月平均气温, 年降水量, 温带, 亚寒带, 干燥度, 海拔高, 青棵

Abstract: In this paper, the climatic regionalizatioi. of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is basedon the climatic data of 191 stations upto 1970, while these of the Xizang area, upto 1975.The temperature index is taken as the first criterion for regionalization. This in-dex includes the number of ≥10℃ days and the mean temperature of the warmest month. On this basis, Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is delimited into three climatic zones,i.e. plateau temperate, plateau subfrigid and plateau frigid. While the southern slopesof the Himalaya is distinguished separately into north tropical and subtropical mon-tane climatic regions.Aridity and annual precipitation are used as the second criterion for regionalization.Aridity is the ratio of the potential evaporation and the precipitation in which thepotential evaporation is obtained from the H. L. Penman’s formula. Based on this,climatic zone is distinguished into humid, sub-humid, semi-arid, arid and dry types.Finally, according to the integration of temperature and humidity index, Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is divided into 13 climate regions. The results of the climatic regiona-lization are shown in Fig. 3.