新疆克拉玛依市生态敏感性研究

doi:10.11821/xb201111006

地理学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 66 ›› Issue (11): 1497-1507.doi: 10.11821/xb201111006

新疆克拉玛依市生态敏感性研究

潘峰^1,2,3, 田长彦¹, 邵峰⁴, 周伟³, 陈飞³

1. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830011;
2. 中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100049;
3. 新疆维吾尔自治区环境保护技术咨询中心, 乌鲁木齐 830011;
4. 新疆维吾尔自治区环境保护厅, 乌鲁木齐 830063

收稿日期:2011-07-06 修回日期:2011-09-15 出版日期:2011-11-20 发布日期:2011-11-20
作者简介:潘峰(1975-), 女, 博士生, 高级工程师, 长期从事生态环境影响评价理论与实证研究。E-mail: pfwnx@sohu.com
基金资助:
国家公益性行业科研专项经费资助(200903001); 中央资金专项业务费项目

Evaluation of Ecological Sensitivity in Karamay, Xinjiang, Northwest China

PAN Feng^1,2,3, TIAN Changyan¹, SHAO Feng⁴, ZHOU Wei³, CHEN Fei³

1. Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, CAS, Urumqi 830011, China;
2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3. Xinjiang Consultation Center of Environmental Protection Technology, Urumqi 830011, China;
4. Xinjiang Department of Environmental Protection, Urumqi 830063, China

Received:2011-07-06 Revised:2011-09-15 Published:2011-11-20 Online:2011-11-20
Supported by:
Support by specialfund for public welfare industrial research of China, No.200903001; Special Funds for Central Government

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于地理信息系统空间分析、栅格运算与叠加方法,针对克拉玛依市土壤侵蚀、土地沙漠化、土壤盐渍化和生物多样性减少等区域自然环境演变过程中出现的生态问题,考虑油田开发这一人类活动影响因素,定量研究克拉玛依市综合生态敏感性空间特征。研究结果表明：(1) 土壤侵蚀敏感性以中、高和极高敏感性为主,高和极高敏感性分布在克拉玛依区和独山子区大部,乌尔禾区北部,白碱滩区西侧狭长区域。地形坡降迅速、水力侵蚀强、无植被或疏林地广泛分布,是土壤侵蚀敏感性较高的主要原因。(2) 土地沙漠化以中、高敏感性为主,高和极高敏感性分布在白碱滩区西部和南部,克拉玛依区北部和西部区域。土壤基质多为沙粒,且植被覆盖率较低是土地沙漠化敏感性高的主要原因。(3) 土壤盐渍化敏感性以中、高和极高等级为主,极高和高度敏感性分布在白碱滩区东南部,克拉玛依区东部和北部,以及乌尔禾区东部。蒸发量远大于降水量,人类活动剧烈,是土壤盐渍化敏感性高的主要原因。(4) 生物多样性以轻度和中度敏感性为主,高和极高敏感性分布于克拉玛依区东部和南部区域。这些区域植被生长茂盛、物种数量较为丰富,是重点生态保护区域。(5) 油田开发区域的生态敏感性高,分布在乌尔禾区北部油田,白碱滩区西部油田,克拉玛依区西北部油田和独山子区中部油田。油田开发带来的生态问题包括工业“三废”,动植物生境破坏和水资源短缺等。(6) 综合自然演化和人为开发的敏感性,研究区以高、中度敏感性为主,极高和高敏感性分布在克拉玛依区中部和北部,白碱滩区西南部区域。

关键词: 生态敏感性, 油田开发, 地理信息系统, 克拉玛依, 新疆

Abstract: Based on spatial analysis, and GIS grid computing and overlay techniques, whilst considering the effect of oil-field development and aimed at the ecological problems of Karamay in Xinjiang, we conducted research on the spatial characteristics of the comprehensive ecological sensitivity of Karamay. The ecological problems of natural environment evolution include soil erosion, land desertification, soil salinization, biodiversity reduction. The results of the research are as follows. (1) Soil erosion is relatively sensitive, especially in Karamay District, Dushanzi District, north of Urho District and west of Baijiantan District. (2) The main types of land desertification are represented by high and moderate grade sensitivities, and high and extremely high sensitive areas are distributed in the intersection of Karamay and Baijiantan districts. (3) The soil salinization sensitivity grades are mainly moderate, high and extremely high. The highly sensitive areas are mainly southeast of Baijiantan District, north and east of Karamay District and east of Urho District. The primary causes are evaporation exceeding rainfall and excessive human activities. (4) The main types of biodiversity sensitivity are light and moderate grades. Highly sensitive areas are located in the east and south of Karamay District, north of the Baiyang River Basin and in parts of the wetland areas. (5) Oil development fields are highly ecologically sensitive areas, which are located in the northern oilfields of Urho District, western oilfields of Baijiantan District, northwestern oilfields of Karamay District and central oilfields of the Dushanzi District. (6) The main types of integrated ecological sensitivity are high and moderate. The high and extremely highly sensitive areas are located in the centre and north of Karamay District, and southwest of Baijiantan District.

Key words: ecological sensitivity, oilfield development, GIS, Karamay City, Xinjiang

潘峰, 田长彦, 邵峰, 周伟, 陈飞. 新疆克拉玛依市生态敏感性研究[J]. 地理学报, 2011, 66(11): 1497-1507.

PAN Feng, TIAN Changyan, SHAO Feng, ZHOU Wei, CHEN Fei. Evaluation of Ecological Sensitivity in Karamay, Xinjiang, Northwest China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66(11): 1497-1507.

参考文献

[1] Ouyang Zhiyun. China's eco-environmental sensitivity and its spatial heterogeneity. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2000, 20(1):9-12. [欧阳志云. 中国生态环境敏感性及区域差异规律研究. 生态学报, 2000, 20(1): 9-12.]

[2] Xu Guangcai, Kang Muyi, Zhao Congju et al. Appraisal of eco-sensitivity on Fukang city. Journal of Beijing NormalUniversity: Natural Science, 2007, 43(1): 88-92. [徐广才, 康慕谊, 赵从举等. 阜康市生态敏感性评价研究. 北京师范大学学报: 自然科学版, 2007, 43(1): 88-92.]

[3] Liu Kang, Xu Weihua, Ouyang Zhiyun et al. GIS-based assessment on sensitivity to land desertification in GansuProvince. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation. 2002, 22(5): 29-35. [刘康, 徐卫华, 欧阳志云等. 基于GIS的甘肃省土地沙漠化敏感性评价. 水土保持通报, 2002, 22(5): 29-35.]

[4] Liu Changming, Zhang Dan. Temporal and spatial change analysis of the sensitivity of potential evapotranspiration tometeorological influencing factors in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66(5): 579-588. [刘昌明, 张丹. 中国地表潜在蒸散发敏感性的时空变化特征分析. 地理学报, 2011, 66(5): 579-588.]

[5] Liu Yaolong, Wang Jun, Xu Shiyuan et al. Ecological sensitivity of Jingnanxia-Heishanxia reach of Yellow River.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2009, 20(1): 113-120. [刘耀龙, 王军, 许世远等. 黄河靖南峡—黑山峡河段的生态敏感性. 应用生态学报, 2009, 20(1): 113-120.]

[6] Lu Yuan. GIS-based sensitivity evaluation for soil erosion in Guangxi. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2007,14(1): 98-100. [卢远. 基于GIS的广西土壤侵蚀敏感性评价. 水土保持研究, 2007, 14(1): 98-100.]

[7] Wang Xiaodan, Zhong Xianghao, Fan Jianrong. Assessment and spatial distribution of sensitivity of soil erosion inTibet. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2004, 59(2): 183-188. [王小丹, 钟祥浩, 范建容. 西藏水土流失敏感性评价及其空间分异规律. 地理学报, 2004, 59(2): 183-188.]

[8] Sun Li. The analysis of soil desertification sensitivity in Heilongjiang Province. Environmental Science andManagement, 2010, 35(6): 154-156. [孙力. 黑龙江省土壤沙漠化敏感性分析. 环境科学与管理, 2010, 35(6): 154-156.]

[9] Cao Jianjun, Liu Yongjuan. Ecological sensitivity of Shanghai City based on GIS spatial analysis. Chinese Journal ofApplied Ecology, 2010, 21(7): 1805-1812. [曹建军, 刘永娟. GIS 支持下上海城市生态敏感性分析. 应用生态学报,2010, 21(7): 1805-1812.]

[10] Wang Xiaodan, Zhong Xianghao, Fan Jianrong. Assessment and spatial distribution of sensitivity of soil erosion inTibet. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2004, 14(1): 41-46.

[11] Liu Xuequan, Wang Peng, Wu Cui. Ecological de-farming standard and scale of ecological sensitivity division inHubei Province. Hubei Forestry Science and Technology, 2009, (6): 36-39. [刘学全, 汪鹏, 吴翠. 湖北省生态敏感性分区与生态退耕标准及规模. 湖北林业科技, 2009, (6): 36-39.]

[12] Li Dongmei, Gao Zhengwen, Fu Xiao et al. Characteristic of ecological sensitivity in Yunnan ecological zones. ActaEcologica Sinica, 2010, 30(1): 138-145. [李东梅, 高正文, 付晓等. 云南省生态功能类型区的生态敏感性.生态学报,2010, 30(1): 138-145.]

[13] Yu Jie, Shao Weiwei, Yu Haiyan et al. A case study of ecological regionalization for Zhejiang Province. EnvironmentalPollution & Control, 2006, 28(8): 620-623. [俞洁, 邵卫伟, 于海燕等. 浙江省生态功能区划研究. 环境污染与防治,2006, 28(8): 620-623.]

[14] Han Guifeng, Zhao Ke, Yuan Xingzhong et al. Evaluation of ecological sensitivity in mountain area based on spatialanalysis: A case study of Wanyuan city in Sichuan Province. Journal of Mountain Science, 2008, 26(5): 531-537. [韩贵锋, 赵珂, 袁兴中等. 基于空间分析的山地生态敏感性评价: 以四川省万源市为例. 山地学报, 2008, 26(5): 531-537.]

[15] Liu Chunxia, Li Yuechen, Yang Hua et al. RS and GIS-based assessment for eco-environmental sensitivity of theThree Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66(5): 631-642. [刘春霞, 李月臣, 杨华等. 三峡库区重庆段生态与环境敏感性综合评价. 地理学报, 2011, 66(5): 631-642.]

[16] Gao Qingzhu, Duan Minjie, Wan Yunfan et al. Comprehensive evaluation of eco-environmental sensitivity in northernTibet. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2010, 30(15): 4129-4136. [高清竹, 段敏杰, 万运帆等. 藏北地区生态与环境敏感性评价. 生态学报, 2010, 30(15): 4129-4136.]

[17] Liu Kang, Ouyang Zhiyun, Wang Xiaoke et a1. Eco-environmental sensitivity and its spatial distribution in GansuProvince. Aata Ecologica Siniea, 2003, 23(12): 2711-2718. [刘康, 欧阳志云, 王效科等. 甘肃省生态环境敏感性评价及其空间分布. 生态学报, 2003, 23(12): 271l-2718.]

[18] Shi Zhuo. The prevention and control of Karamay land degradation. Forestry of Xinjiang, 2002, (4): 24-25. [师茁. 克拉玛依市土地退化现状及其防止与控制. 新疆林业, 2002, (4): 24-25.]

[19] State Environmental Protection Administration of China. Provisional Regulations of Ecological Function Zoning. 2003.http://www.zhb.gov.cn/. [国家环境保护总局. 生态功能区划暂行规程. 2003. http://www.zhb.gov.cn/.]

[20] Wang Wanzhong. Quantitative evaluation on factors influencing soil erosion in China. Bulletin of Soil and WaterConservation, 1996, 16(5): 1-20. [王万忠. 中国的土壤侵蚀因子定量评价研究.水土保持通报, 1996, 16(5): 1-20.]

[21] Editorial Board of Karamay City Records. Records of Karamay City. Urumqi: Xinjiang People's Publishing House,1998. [ 《克拉玛依市志》编委会. 克拉玛依市志. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆人民出版社, 1998.]

[22] Liu Xinhua, Yang Qinke, Tang Guoan. Extraction and application of relief of China based on DEM and GIS method.Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2001, 21(1): 57-62. [刘新华, 杨勤科, 汤国安. 中国地形起伏度的提取及在水土流失定量评价中的应用. 水土保持通报, 2001, 21(1): 57-62.]

[23] The Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China. Standards for Classification and Gradation of SoilErosion (SL190-96). 1996. [中华人民共和国水利部.土壤侵蚀分类分级标准(SL190-96). 1996.]

[24] Zhang Hong, Su Xiangling. RS and GIS based evaluation and dynamic monitoring of land desertification in Karamaycity. Anhui Agri. Sci. Bull., 2010, 16(13): 235-237. [张红, 苏香玲. 克拉玛依市土地荒漠化评价及动态监测. 安徽农学通报, 2010, 16(13): 235-237.]

[25] Wang Gang, Liu Junrong, Zhao Huren et al. Research on land desertification of Zhunge'er basin ield developing zone.Environmental Protection of Xinjiang, 2003, 25(3): 9-12. [王刚, 柳军荣, 赵虎人等. 准噶尔盆地油田开发区土地沙漠化防治研究: 以石西、莫北油田为例. 新疆环境保护, 2003, 25(3): 9-12.]

新疆克拉玛依市生态敏感性研究

Evaluation of Ecological Sensitivity in Karamay, Xinjiang, Northwest China

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	李振亚, 魏伟, 周亮, 刘春芳, 郭泽呈, 庞素菲, 张静. 中国陆地生态敏感性时空演变特征[J]. 地理学报, 2022, 77(1): 150-163.
[2]	姚俊强, 毛炜峄, 陈静, 迪丽努尔·托列吾别克. 新疆气候“湿干转折”的信号和影响探讨[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(1): 57-72.
[3]	史娜娜, 韩煜, 王琦, 汉瑞英, 高晓奇, 赵志平, 刘高慧, 肖能文. 新疆南部地区风沙扩散风险评价及景观格局优化[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(1): 73-86.
[4]	李玉辉,丁智强,吴晓月. 基于Strahler面积—高程分析的云南石林县域喀斯特地貌演化的量化研究[J]. 地理学报, 2018, 73(5): 973-985.
[5]	於家, 温家洪, 陈芸, 廖邦固, 杜士强. 基于应急疏散智能体模型模拟的城市避难所空间配置——以上海市静安区为例[J]. 地理学报, 2017, 72(8): 1458-1475.
[6]	王长建, 张小雷, 张虹鸥, 汪菲. 基于IO-SDA模型的新疆能源消费碳排放影响机理分析[J]. 地理学报, 2016, 71(7): 1105-1118.
[7]	何宝忠, 丁建丽, 张喆, 阿布都瓦斯提·吾拉木. 新疆植被覆盖度趋势演变实验性分析[J]. 地理学报, 2016, 71(11): 1948-1966.
[8]	张绍云, 周忠发, 熊康宁, 田衷珲, 陈全, 闫利会, 谢雅婷. 贵州洞穴空间格局及影响因素分析[J]. 地理学报, 2016, 71(11): 1998-2009.
[9]	汤青, 徐勇, 董晓辉, 李扬, 刘艳华, 孙晓一. 芦山地震灾后重建地区土地资源安全评价[J]. 地理学报, 2015, 70(4): 650-663.
[10]	查良松, 邓国徽, 谷家川. 1992-2013年巢湖流域土壤侵蚀动态变化[J]. 地理学报, 2015, 70(11): 1708-1719.
[11]	王渊刚, 罗格平, 赵树斌, 韩其飞, 李超凡, 范彬彬, 陈耀亮. 新疆耕地变化对区域碳平衡的影响[J]. 地理学报, 2014, 69(1): 110-120.
[12]	朱秉启, 于静洁, 秦晓光, 刘子亭, 熊黑钢. 新疆地区沙漠形成与演化的古环境证据[J]. 地理学报, 2013, 68(5): 661-679.
[13]	刘敬强, 瓦哈甫·哈力克, 哈斯穆·阿比孜, 党建华, 邓宝山, 张玉萍. 新疆特色林果业种植对气候变化的响应[J]. 地理学报, 2013, 68(5): 708-720.
[14]	张山清, 普宗朝, 李景林. 近50年新疆日照时数时空变化分析[J]. 地理学报, 2013, 68(11): 1481-1492.
[15]	杨宇, 董雯, 刘毅. 多元视角下的新疆行政区划调整思考[J]. 地理学报, 2013, 68(10): 1367-1379.