地理学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 74 ›› Issue (3): 544-556.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201903011
杨成德1(), 王欣1(
), 魏俊峰1, 刘琼欢2, 鲁安新3, 张勇1, 唐志光1
收稿日期:
2018-03-05
修回日期:
2018-12-15
出版日期:
2019-03-25
发布日期:
2019-03-19
作者简介:
杨成德(1994-), 男, 甘肃榆中县人, 硕士生, 主要从事冰冻圈遥感与灾害研究。E-mail:
基金资助:
Chengde YANG1(), Xin WANG1(
), Junfeng WEI1, Qionghuan LIU2, Anxin LU3, Yong ZHANG1, Zhiguang TANG1
Received:
2018-03-05
Revised:
2018-12-15
Published:
2019-03-25
Online:
2019-03-19
Supported by:
摘要:
通过研制一整套基于3S技术的冰湖编目规范与方法,以159景Landsat8 OLI遥感影像为基础,结合中国第二次冰川编目数据与Google Earth中的影像数据等,通过人工目视解译获取冰湖边界,首次完成了基于统一规范的中国冰湖编目数据库建设,查清了2015±1~2年中国冰湖的整体分布状态。结果显示,当前中国共有冰湖17300个,总面积1132.83±147.449 km2,其中冰川补给湖约占中国冰湖总面积的74.6%和总数量的66.5%。并且冰湖数量与面积分布的空间差异十分显著。流域上,外流区冰湖广泛发育,其中恒河—雅鲁藏布江流域是中国冰湖分布最多的流域,现有冰湖7898个,面积约622.42±75.55 km2,分别占中国冰湖总量的45.7%和54.9%;海拔上,中国冰湖分布于2167~6247 m的海拔范围内,各山脉的冰湖面积呈近似正态分布,总体在5000~5500 m处达到峰值,占总面积的36.7%(975.06±128.83 km2);但各个山脉的分布差异显著,其中念青唐古拉山、喜马拉雅山的冰湖分布最为集中,分别占中国冰湖总面积的28.3%和26.4%。
杨成德, 王欣, 魏俊峰, 刘琼欢, 鲁安新, 张勇, 唐志光. 基于3S技术方法的中国冰湖编目[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(3): 544-556.
Chengde YANG, Xin WANG, Junfeng WEI, Qionghuan LIU, Anxin LU, Yong ZHANG, Zhiguang TANG. Chinese glacial lake inventory based on 3S technology method[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(3): 544-556.
表1
中国西部不同水系的冰湖分布
流域分区 | 流域代码 | 流域名称 | 面积(km2) | 数量(个) | 平均规模(km2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
内流区 | 5X | 中亚内陆流域 | 15.39±2.73 | 410 | 0.04±0.01 |
5Y | 东亚内陆流域 | 92.26±12.07 | 1602 | 0.06±0.01 | |
5Z | 青藏高原内陆流域 | 148.23±19.65 | 2466 | 0.06±0.01 | |
合计 | 255.88±34.45 | 4478 | 0.06±0.01 | ||
外流区 | 5A | 鄂毕河流域 | 32.47±5.44 | 658 | 0.05±0.01 |
5J | 黄河流域 | 11.37±1.17 | 159 | 0.07±0.01 | |
5K | 长江流域 | 91.09±13.66 | 1985 | 0.05±0.01 | |
5L | 湄公河流域 | 8.85±1.53 | 211 | 0.04±0.01 | |
5N | 萨尔温江流域 | 77.68±11.45 | 1437 | 0.05±0.01 | |
5O | 恒河-雅鲁藏布江流域 | 622.42±75.55 | 7898 | 0.08±0.01 | |
5Q | 印度河流域 | 33.06±4.25 | 474 | 0.07±0.01 | |
合计 | 876.95±113.04 | 12822 | 0.07±0.01 | ||
总计 | 1132.83±147.49 | 17300 | 0.07±0.01 |
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