平原河网区水利工程调控下水文连通变化

doi:10.11821/dlxb202111007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在水利工程建设及其人为调度的影响下,平原河网水系连通程度发生了巨大变化。为此,针对平原河网区水文连通难以模拟的问题,在现有水系结构连通的基础上,将水利工程的运行纳入水文连通的评价体系,提出一种适用于平原河网区水利工程调控下的水文连通评价指数（SLCI）。该指数从水闸通过概率、水流分流能力及河网连通程度,从点—线—面分尺度逐步评价不同调度规则下汛期与非汛期水文连通的动态变化。并且,该指数以格网为评价单元,结合反映地理要素空间集聚性的Getis-Ord G_i^*指数,相比行政单元、水利片区等大尺度评价单元,能够更精细地描述水文连通空间上的分异性。太湖流域武澄锡虞区是一个典型的平原河网区,本指数在该区域进行了应用,得到以下结果：受到水闸调控的作用,武澄锡虞区非汛期时平均水文连通指数为0.66,汛期时平均水文连通指数则为0.50。另外,非汛期时水文连通集聚空间范围比汛期时高5%。其中,非汛期与汛期连通高值区SLCI值分别为0.93与0.87,低值区SLCI值分别为0.25与0.16。本文提出的水文连通评价指数可为有关部门开展长三角地区水系建设工作提供理论支撑,也为开展人为调控下平原河网区水文连通评价提供新思路。

关键词: 河流水系, 水文连通, 水利工程, 平原河网区, 武澄锡虞区

Abstract:

Variations of hydrological connectivity are regulated by sluices in a plain river network, which increases the difficulty of studying the variations of hydrological connectivity. To this end, a reasonable indicator (Sluice Longitudinal Connectivity Index, SLCI), composed of sluice passage probability, passage efficiency, and cumulative effects of sluices, is proposed to detect the changes in the longitudinal connectivity in flood and non-flood seasons. The indicator considers different scheduling rules of sluices and its calculation unit is grid. The results in a grid scale could reveal the hydrological connectivity at the micro scale, which can present a more detailed spatial heterogeneity of the connectivity relative to the units of river basin or water conservancy region. Based on this, the Wu-Cheng-Xi-Yu region (WCXY) in China was taken as a study region. And the spatial heterogeneity of the hydrological connectivity was detected by the Getis-Ord G_i^* method. In the WCXY region, the average SLCI for the non-flood season is 0.66, while the average SLCI for the flood season is 0.50. The spatial agglomeration of connectivity in the non-flood season has a 5% spatial range larger than that in the flood season. Specifically, the values of high connectivity agglomeration during non-flood and flood seasons are 0.93 and 0.87, respectively; and the values of low connectivity agglomeration during non-flood and flood seasons are 0.25 and 0.16, respectively. Our method would provide a theoretical support for relevant departments to take measures of the river system construction in the Yangtze River Delta and a new idea for the assessment of hydrological connectivity in the plain river network region.

Key words: river system, hydrological connectivity, water conservancy project, river network plain, Wu-Cheng-Xi-Yu region

陆苗, 许有鹏, 高斌, 周才钰. 平原河网区水利工程调控下水文连通变化[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(11): 2685-2696.

LU Miao, XU Youpeng, GAO Bin, ZHOU Caiyu. Variations of hydrological connectivity regulated by sluices in a delta plain[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(11): 2685-2696.

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水位站	K-S检验值	h₁(m)	h₂(m)	C_S₍_k₎(h₁)非汛期	1-C_S₍_k₎(h₂)汛期
青阳	0.04	3.3	3.7	0.25	0.39
常州	0.03	3.5	4	0.30	0.30
无锡	0.04	3.2	3.6	0.31	0.31
百渎口	0.04	2.9	3.5	0.02	0.35

雨量站	r(mm)	C_S₍_k₎(r)非汛期	1-C_S₍_k₎(r)汛期	雨量站	r(mm)	C_S₍_k₎(r)非汛期	1-C_S₍_k₎(r)汛期
常州	50	0.83	0.17	十一圩港	50	0.84	0.16
直湖港闸	50	0.83	0.17	望亭	50	0.85	0.15
陈墅	50	0.85	0.15	望虞闸	50	0.84	0.16
甘露	50	0.85	0.15	无锡	50	0.83	0.17
洛社	50	0.83	0.17	张家港闸	50	0.83	0.17
				长寿	50	0.85	0.15