青藏高原典型区微塑料分布特征及来源分析

doi:10.11821/dlxb202109007

地理学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 76 ›› Issue (9): 2130-2141.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202109007

• 青藏高原二次科考与绿色研究 • 上一篇下一篇

青藏高原典型区微塑料分布特征及来源分析

冯三三¹^,²(), 卢宏玮²(), 姚天次², 刘云龙¹, 唐孟¹, 冯玮², 卢静昭¹

1.华北电力大学新能源学院,北京 102206
2.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所中国科学院陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京 100101

收稿日期:2020-06-29 修回日期:2020-12-09 出版日期:2021-09-25 发布日期:2021-11-25
通讯作者: 卢宏玮(1980-), 女, 吉林延边人, 研究员, 主要从事环境系统分析研究。E-mail: luhw@igsnrr.ac.cn
作者简介:冯三三(1993-), 男, 山西吕梁人, 博士生, 主要从事环境微塑料污染研究。E-mail: sansanf123@163.com
基金资助:
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK1003);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA20040301);国家重点研发计划(2019YFC0507801);国家自然科学基金项目(41890824)

Distribution and source analysis of microplastics in typical areas of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

FENG Sansan¹^,²(), LU Hongwei²(), YAO Tianci², LIU Yunlong¹, TANG Meng¹, FENG Wei², LU Jingzhao¹

1. School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
2. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China

Received:2020-06-29 Revised:2020-12-09 Published:2021-09-25 Online:2021-11-25
Supported by:
The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(2019QZKK1003);Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA20040301);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC0507801);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41890824)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

微塑料作为一种环境中普遍存在的新型污染物正在引起越来越多的关注。本文基于2019年5—7月在青藏高原地区采集的53个水样和52个土壤样品微塑料检出结果,分析了研究区水土环境中微塑料赋存情况,并讨论了其潜在来源。研究区域的微塑料样点分别位于两大区域：青藏高原南部地区和祁连山地区。青藏高原南部地区水体中微塑料浓度显著高于祁连山地区,而土壤中微塑料丰度在两个区域差别不显著（p>0.05）。水土样品中微塑料浓度范围分别为0~1916.66个/m³和0~260个/kg,平均值为(438.21±454.94)个/m³和(48.35±36.25)个/kg。水体中的微塑料以透明纤维为主,主要聚合物为聚丙烯;土壤微塑料中最多的是透明薄膜,主要聚合物为聚乙烯。来源分析表明洗衣废水和旅游业带来的生活垃圾可能是水体微塑料的主要来源,而土壤微塑料潜在主要来源是农业塑料覆膜的使用。研究结果揭示了青藏高原水土环境中微塑料的赋存形态和空间分布特征,可为高寒地区微塑料迁移转化机制研究提供数据支撑。

关键词: 微塑料, 土壤, 人类活动, 青藏高原, 祁连山

Abstract:

Microplastics as emerging pollutants have attracted increasing attention. This study explored the microplastics in water and soil environments of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and discussed their potential sources. We collected 53 water samples and 52 soil samples from May to July in 2019 in two major regions, i.e. the southern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Qilian Mountains region (national ecological restoration area in the plateau). The microplastic abundance of water in the southern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was significantly higher than that in the Qilian Mountains, while no significant difference existed in soil samples between two regions (p > 0.05). The concentration ranges of microplastics were 0-1916.66 items/m³ and 0-260 items/kg in water and soil, with the average values being (438.21±454.94) items/m³ and (48.35±36.25) items/kg, respectively. Microplastics in water were mostly transparent fiber with the main polymer being polypropylene, while the most common form in soil was transparent film with the dominant polymer being polyethylene. Source analysis showed that the major sources of microplastics in water might be laundry wastewater and waste from tourism, while agricultural plastic mulch would be potentially responsible for microplastics in soil. The results proved the existence of microplastics in most of soil and water environments in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and provided important supports for future studies on microplastics migration and transformation mechanism at high altitudes.

Key words: microplastics, soil, human activities, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qilian Mountains

冯三三, 卢宏玮, 姚天次, 刘云龙, 唐孟, 冯玮, 卢静昭. 青藏高原典型区微塑料分布特征及来源分析[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(9): 2130-2141.

FENG Sansan, LU Hongwei, YAO Tianci, LIU Yunlong, TANG Meng, FENG Wei, LU Jingzhao. Distribution and source analysis of microplastics in typical areas of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(9): 2130-2141.

图/表 9

表1

采样点经纬度信息

水体	纬度(°N)	经度(°E)	土壤	纬度(°N')	经度(°E)
W1	29.9790	95.6800	S1	29.5816	94.4493
W2	29.9314	95.6188	S2	29.9088	95.6124
W3	29.8656	95.7580	S3	30.9411	97.3638
W4	29.5530	96.8330	S4	29.9016	98.4488
W5	31.1399	97.1754	S5	29.6716	98.5950
W6	29.7600	97.9788	S6	28.8525	99.8280
W7	30.0180	99.1219	S7	27.6263	99.7413
W8	27.8209	99.7097	S8	26.8466	100.0669
W9	27.7399	100.8171	S9	27.1986	100.2738
W10	27.8035	100.7547	S10	27.7513	100.7861
W11	29.0487	100.2955	S11	28.2800	99.1772
W12	29.4538	94.4647	S12	28.2969	98.8675
W13	29.0504	93.0682	S13	28.4927	97.0116
W14	29.1476	92.5725	S14	28.4925	97.0077
W15	26.8880	99.9611	S15	28.6233	97.3430
W16	27.7711	99.4275	S16	29.7402	96.0019
W17	28.3644	99.5488	S17	29.9602	95.3766
W18	28.4183	99.2544	S18	29.5766	94.4697
W19	28.3505	99.0677	S19	29.0727	92.8952
W20	28.9069	99.0538	S20	29.0632	92.8265
W21	31.6231	98.5944	S21	29.2605	91.9597
W22	31.9563	98.8764	S22	26.8880	99.9611
W23	32.4951	97.8555	S23	27.9597	99.4127
W24	33.0128	97.2381	S24	27.9936	99.5488
W25	32.9800	97.2405	S25	29.0427	99.3772
W26	33.2240	96.4812	S26	31.8666	98.1097
W27	32.9762	95.1020	S27	32.4702	97.8994
W28	32.9004	95.2597	S28	32.4951	97.8555
W29	36.8499	101.8731	S29	33.0128	97.2381
W30	36.5093	101.8476	S30	32.9800	97.2405
W31	36.9029	101.0161	S31	32.9994	97.1530
W32	36.5459	100.7194	S32	33.2240	96.4812
W33	36.5862	100.4869	S33	33.7388	96.2361
W34	37.3574	97.3215	S34	33.6151	95.1472
W35	37.3149	96.9262	S35	32.9004	95.2597
W36	37.3166	96.8826	S36	38.1580	102.512
W37	37.4626	95.6045	S37	36.5092	101.8512
W38	37.4505	95.5430	S38	37.1940	102.6125
W39	37.8555	95.4363	S39	37.3553	97.3212
W40	37.8200	95.2100	S40	37.4626	95.6045
W41	38.8000	94.3400	S41	37.9100	95.1200
W42	39.9521	94.3352	S42	38.8200	94.3400
W43	40.1420	94.6549	S43	40.1159	94.6868
W44	39.7464	98.2916	S44	39.7294	98.3033
W45	39.7480	98.2928	S45	39.8019	98.3240
W46	39.7653	98.3067	S46	39.1162	100.1361
W47	38.9559	100.4183	S47	39.1569	99.3994
W48	38.9575	100.3925	S48	38.8878	100.4997
W49	39.1503	99.2850	S49	38.5736	100.7875
W50	39.1628	99.2861	S50	38.2825	100.9064
W51	38.2003	100.9344	S51	37.4492	101.3555
W52	38.0717	100.3964	S52	37.0264	101.5508
W53	37.4566	101.4044

表1

图1

图2

图3

图4

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图6

图7

图8

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青藏高原典型区微塑料分布特征及来源分析

Distribution and source analysis of microplastics in typical areas of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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