行政区划调整对政区位势的影响与定量化测度

doi:10.11821/dlxb202008005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

行政区划是国家治理和社会发展的重要支撑,行政区划调整是促进区域协调发展的重要手段。在全球化与区域化背景下,适时推进行政区划调整是重构区域发展格局,改变区域政区位势的基本途径。本文立足于区域协调发展的视角,构建基于区域相互作用理论、空间场能模型和幂指数函数的政区位势模型,以合肥—芜湖地区为例,测算2011年原巢湖地级市拆分后其政区位势的变化情况以及对区域协调发展的影响效能。研究表明:① 政区位势与政区的行政管辖能力、行政资源和区域协调发展潜力密切相关。② 2005—2015年期间研究区整体政区位势和协调发展潜力增幅分别由地级巢湖市撤销前的61.79%和0.21%提高到116.51%和3.05%;且行政区划调整后政区位势增速明显快于经济发展与人口增速。③ 运用政区位势模型能对行政区划调整进行测度和空间化表达,其测度结果既能与社会发展等复杂影响相区别,又能与真实的社会经济发展状况相符合,既重视个体发展又兼顾区域协调发展。行政区划调整能显著提高研究区的政区位势,促进社会经济进步,且有利于破除空间障碍和行政壁垒,推进区域协调可持续发展。

关键词: 行政区划调整, 政区位势模型, 协调发展, 区域空间效应, 巢湖市

Abstract:

Administrative divisions are the important foundation of national governance and social development, and the adjustment of administrative divisions is a critical way to promote regional coordinated development. Under the background of globalization and regionalization, timely adjustment of administrative divisions is a major step to reconstruct the regional development pattern and change the administrative rank potential energy of relevant regional governments. In the perspective of regional coordinated development, this paper constructs a regional administrative rank potential energy model based on the theory of regional interaction, spatial field energy model and power exponential function. Taking Hefei-Wuhu region as an example, this paper examines the change of administrative rank potential energy and its effect on regional coordinated development after the dismantling of the former Chaohu prefecture-level city. The results show that: (1) administrative rank potential energy is closely related to the administrative jurisdiction, administrative resources and the potential of regional coordinated development. (2) During 2005-2015, the growth rate of the overall administrative rank potential energy and coordinated development potential of the study area increased from 61.79% and 0.21% before the withdrawal of prefecture-level Chaohu city to 116.51% and 3.05% respectively. After the adjustment of administrative divisions, the growth rate of administrative rank potential energy is much higher than that of economic development and population increase. (3) The model of administrative rank potential energy can measure and express the adjustment of administrative divisions spatially. The result of the model is different from the complex influence brought by factors such as social development, which accords with the real status of social and economic development. The adjustment of administrative divisions focuses on both individual development and regional integration. It can not only significantly improve the administrative rank potential energy of the study area, promote social and economic development, but also help to break down spatial barriers and administrative barriers, and promote regional coordination and sustainable development.

Key words: administrative division adjustment, administrative rank potential energy, coordinated development, regional effects, Chaohu city

王开泳, 冯润东. 行政区划调整对政区位势的影响与定量化测度[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(8): 1617-1632.

WANG Kaiyong, FENG Rundong. Quantitative simulation and empirical analysis of regional effects of administrative division adjustment from the perspective of coordinated development[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(8): 1617-1632.

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目标层	一级指标	二级指标	数据处理	变量	指标指向
政区综合实力	管辖能力 (水平性政区位势)	人口状况	常住人口密度	X₁	正向指标
		经济实力	人均GDP	X₂	正向指标
		经济实力	^*人均固定资产投资×[1-(GDP_i/GDP_N)]	X₃	正向指标
		土地支配能力	人均城市建设用地面积×[1-(GDP_i/GDP_N)]	X₄	正向指标
	行政资源 (垂直性政区位势)	财政分权	人均财政收入×[1-(GDP_i/GDP_N)]	X₅	正向指标
		财政分权	人均财政支出×[1-(GDP_i/GDP_N)]	X₆	正向指标
		公共管理	公共管理和社会组织人数×[1-(GDP_i/GDP_N)]	X₇	正向指标
协调发展潜力	潜力因子 (区域性政区位势)	市场统一	^*外商直接投资×[1-(GDP_i/GDP_N)]	X₈	正向指标
		市场统一	各县区职工平均工资相对于中位数的差值×[1-(GDP_i/GDP_N)]	X₉	负向指标
		要素同质	财政收入/GDP×[1-(GDP_i/GDP_N)]	X₁₀	正向指标
		要素同质	人均可支配收入×[1-(GDP_i/GDP_N)]	X₁₁	正向指标
		发展协同	由三产比例计算产业结构相似系数	X₁₂	负向指标
		发展协同	各区县GDP增长率	X₁₃	正向指标
		自然本底	由数字高程计算计算坡度	X₁₄	负向指标
		自然本底	净初级生产力	X₁₅	正向指标
可达性	时间成本	成本距离	最短时间成本距离	X₁₆	负向指标

	合肥市				芜湖市				巢湖市		合肥—芜湖区域
	最高值	最低值	平均值	增长率(%)	最高值	最低值	平均值	增长率(%)	整体	增长率(%)	平均值	增长率(%)
2005年	1.23	0.02	4.73	-	0.86	0.01	2.74	-	1.17	-	8.64	-
2010年	1.59	0.55	7.94	67.86	1.28	0.31	5.27	92.33	1.41	20.51	14.62	69.21
2015年	4.3	0.76	14.14	78.08	3.28	0.55	12.55	138.14	0.76	-46.09	26.69	82.55

年份	合肥市		芜湖市		巢湖市		合肥—芜湖地区
年份	平均值	增长率(%)	平均值	增长率(%)	平均值	增长率(%)	平均值	增长率(%)
2005年	12.62	-	13.64	-	3.88	-	10.05	-
2010年	20.95	66.01	20.50	50.29	7.34	89.18	16.26	61.79
2015年	46.94	124.06	38.11	85.90	20.43	178.34	35.16	116.24