青藏高原人口地域分异规律及“胡焕庸线”思想应用

doi:10.11821/dlxb202002004

地理学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 75 ›› Issue (2): 255-267.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202002004

青藏高原人口地域分异规律及“胡焕庸线”思想应用

戚伟^1,², 刘盛和^1,², 周亮³

^1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室,北京 100101
^2. 中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京 100049
^3. 兰州交通大学测绘与地理信息学院,兰州 730070

收稿日期:2019-04-03 修回日期:2019-12-31 出版日期:2020-02-25 发布日期:2020-04-25
作者简介:戚伟(1989-), 男, 江苏泰州人, 副研究员, 中国地理学会会员(S110007891A), 主要从事城市地理与人口地理研究。E-mail:qiwei@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项(XDA20040401);国家自然科学基金项目(41701165)

Regional differentiation of population in Tibetan Plateau: Insight from the "Hu Line"

QI Wei^1,², LIU Shenghe^1,², ZHOU Liang³

^1. Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
^2. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
^3. Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China

Received:2019-04-03 Revised:2019-12-31 Published:2020-02-25 Online:2020-04-25
Supported by:
Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA20040401);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41701165)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

青藏高原是中国乃至全球典型的人口稀疏区之一,但内部人口地域分异明显。通过构建青藏高原乡镇街道尺度的人口空间数据集,系统核算青藏高原人口数量及其空间密度,从经度、纬度、极向和垂直4个维度解析青藏高原人口地域分异规律,并基于“胡焕庸线”思想,提出青藏高原的“祁吉线”人口地理划分方案。结论包括：① 青藏高原人口空间分布不均衡,具有“东南密、西北疏”的总体空间分布特征,距离“寒旱核心区”近疏远密的极向地域分异明显;② 青藏高原人口地域分异与海拔、土壤、水资源、气候、植被等自然环境本底具有高度耦合关系,自然因素间交互作用加强了人口地域分异;③ 青藏高原人口地域分异可以通过连接祁连县与吉隆县的“祁吉线”体现,两侧地域面积大致相同,但是东南半壁与西北半壁人口比例达到93∶7的悬殊;④ “祁吉线”长期稳定,但是东南半壁人口持续微降,西北半壁人口持续微增,未来时期,东南半壁依然是青藏高原城镇化及人类活动的主要区域,而西北半壁应当重视人口增长与生态环境压力的矛盾。

关键词: 人口分布, 青藏高原, 地域分异, 胡焕庸线, 祁吉线

Abstract:

The Tibetan Plateau is regarded as a typically sparsely populated area both from Chinese and global perspectives. There exists a large difference in population distribution of the Tibetan Plateau. Based on the town-level census data in 2010, we compiled a spatial population database to calculate the population density of the Tibetan Plateau. We found that the population distribution on this plateau was characterized in four dimensions, namely longitude, latitude, polarization and altitude. In addition, similar to the "Hu Line" for Chinese population distribution, we introduce the "Qilian-Gyirong Line" (short for Qi-Ji Line), a spatial division line of population geography in the Tibetan Plateau. Our main results are summarized as follows. (1) There are significant regional differences in the spatial population distribution in the Tibetan Plateau. The population density in the southeast was higher than that in the northwest. Compared to longitude-oriented, latitude-oriented and altitude-oriented regional differences, the polarization-oriented regional difference of population distribution was more prominent. This finding indicates that fewer people live in areas close to the cold-arid core of the Tibetan Plateau. (2) The spatial population distribution is closely related to the natural and environmental factors, including altitude, soil, water resources, climate and vegetation. The interaction between the natural factors has an impact on enhancing the regional difference of population. (3) The "Qiji Line" reveals the spatial differences of population in the Tibetan Plateau. The areas on either side of the line are approximately similar, whereas the population shares in the southeast and northwest halves are 93% and 7%, respectively. (4) In general, the population differences on both sides of the "Qiji Line" were stable over time. During 1982-2010 the population share in the southeast half decreased counterbalanced by an increased share in the northeast half. In the future, the majority of the people are expected to live on the southeast side. This is likely to imply two major policy initiatives. More attention is required on the urbanization development and transportation network construction in the southeast half and the increasing eco-environmental pressures from the growing population in the northwest half.

Key words: population distribution, Tibetan Plateau, regional differentiation, "Hu Line", Qilian-Gyirong Line" (Qiji Line)

戚伟, 刘盛和, 周亮. 青藏高原人口地域分异规律及“胡焕庸线”思想应用[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(2): 255-267.

QI Wei, LIU Shenghe, ZHOU Liang. Regional differentiation of population in Tibetan Plateau: Insight from the "Hu Line"[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(2): 255-267.

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人口累计百分比分级值域(%)	对应人口密度分级值域(人/km²)	乡镇街道数量(个)	人口总数 (万人)	人口累计百分比(%)	地域面积 (km²)	面积累计百分比(%)
0~10	53804~2419	35	119.02	9.60	141.51	0.01
10~20	2063~375	36	126.69	19.82	1822.94	0.08
20~30	358~143	60	126.18	30.00	5487.38	0.29
30~40	142~65	85	119.94	39.67	12783.35	0.78
40~50	64~31	149	125.31	49.78	29551.04	1.91
50~60	31~16	195	126.48	59.98	56302.22	4.08
60~70	16~9	275	136.40	70.98	118059.57	8.62
70~80	9~6	271	111.57	79.98	158700.70	14.72
80~90	6~3	352	123.86	89.97	306130.03	26.49
90~100	3~0	447	124.30	100.00	1911686.74	100.00

因子	因子作用 (q值)	交互作用
因子	因子作用 (q值)	海拔	年均降水	年均气温	NPP	土壤类型	产水模数
海拔	0.32^***
年均降水	0.08^***	0.55⁺⁺
年均气温	0.08^***	0.47⁺⁺	0.25⁺⁺
NPP	0.05^***	0.64⁺⁺	0.18⁺⁺	0.24⁺⁺
土壤类型	0.37^***	0.58⁺	0.52⁺⁺	0.48⁺⁺	0.47⁺⁺
产水模数	0.16^***	0.55⁺⁺	0.29⁺⁺	0.39⁺⁺	0.31⁺⁺	0.49⁺

“祁吉线” 半壁	常住人口		地域面积		人口密度 (人/km²)
“祁吉线” 半壁	数量(万人)	占比(%)	数量(km²)	占比(%)	人口密度 (人/km²)
东南半壁	1149.75	92.74	1223069	47.03	9.40
西北半壁	90.01	7.26	1377596	52.97	0.65

年份	常住人口(万人)		常住人口占比(%)		人口密度(人/km²)
年份	东南半壁	西北半壁	东南半壁	西北半壁	东南半壁	西北半壁
1982年	779.94	33.35	95.72	4.28	3.50	0.37
1990年	890.78	41.74	95.31	4.69	4.00	0.47
2000年	996.59	51.31	94.85	5.15	4.48	0.58
2010年	1147.35	64.73	94.36	5.64	5.16	0.73

青藏高原人口地域分异规律及“胡焕庸线”思想应用

Regional differentiation of population in Tibetan Plateau: Insight from the "Hu Line"

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