地理学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 72 ›› Issue (6): 1091-1103.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201706011
李国旗1(), 金凤君2(
), 陈娱3, 焦敬娟4, 刘思婧1
收稿日期:
2016-08-08
修回日期:
2017-02-19
出版日期:
2017-06-25
发布日期:
2017-06-25
作者简介:
作者简介:李国旗(1984-), 男, 江西南昌人, 讲师, 硕士生导师, 中国地理学会会员(S110010483M), 主要从事物流地理与空间分析研究。E-mail:
基金资助:
Guoqi LI1(), Fengjun JIN2(
), Yu CHEN3, Jingjuan JIAO4, Sijing LIU1
Received:
2016-08-08
Revised:
2017-02-19
Published:
2017-06-25
Online:
2017-06-25
Supported by:
摘要:
物流节点和物流企业作为物流空间的核心载体和组织主体,其区位特征和分异机制识别对优化城市物流空间布局、合理配置物流资源有重要意义。2014年12月基于腾讯在线地图平台,采集了北京市4396个物流POI。采用产业集中度评价、核密度分析等方法,刻画了北京物流空间格局,阐明了类型差异、供需侧因素与区位选择行为的微观作用机理,揭示了交通、地租、资产对空间分异形成的内在机制。研究表明:① 物流企业和物流节点呈现协同集聚和空间分离相结合的区位特征;物流活动总体呈现“中心边缘、近郊和远郊交错”的空间格局,与物流就业空间耦合度低。② 由物流园区和物流中心构成的公共物流空间是政府引导的结果,由服务于特定行业和终端用户的配送中心构成的末端物流空间多为企业主导,两者区位分异显著。③ 在物流区位形成过程中,政府通过规划交通线路和货运场站改变交通区位条件,配置物流仓储用地影响不同区域物流地租和可得性,进而调控企业行为并形成物流空间的类型与职能分异;企业则通过资产配置的差异化来满足不同服务对象的多样化需求,促进专业化分工并形成物流空间的对象分异。
李国旗, 金凤君, 陈娱, 焦敬娟, 刘思婧. 基于POI的北京物流业区位特征与分异机制[J]. 地理学报, 2017, 72(6): 1091-1103.
Guoqi LI, Fengjun JIN, Yu CHEN, Jingjuan JIAO, Sijing LIU. Location characteristics and differentiation mechanism of logistics industry based on points of interest:A case study of Beijing[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(6): 1091-1103.
表1
研究样本的分类与编码
大类 | 亚类 | 小类(编码) |
---|---|---|
物流节点 (Logistics nodes, LN) | 物流园区\基地 | 政府规划(010)、企业自建(011) |
物流中心 | 政府规划(020)、企业自建(021) | |
配送\分拨中心 | 未分小类(040) | |
货运场站 | 铁路(031)、公路(032)、水运(033)、航空(034) | |
物流企业 (Logistics Enterprises, LE) | 快递邮政类 | 快递企业及网点(110)、邮政企业及经营网点(111) |
仓储运输类 | 运输与配送类(120)、仓储类(130) | |
货运代理类 | 未分小类(140) | |
综合物流类 | 未分小类(150) | |
其他类 | 未分小类(160) | |
物流相关设施 (Logistics related facilities, LF) | 保税类 | 海关特殊监管区域或场所(050) |
交通运输类 | 机场(060)、口岸(070) | |
工业园区类 | 未分小类(080) | |
综合市场类 | 未分小类(090) |
表2
北京市物流产业集中度评价结果
LN+LE | LN | LE | LQ | HCLQ | LN+LE | LN | LE | LQ | HCLQ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
东城区 | 0.0478 | 0.0090 | 0.0524 | 1.6977 | 160.0302 | 通州区 | 0.0616 | 0.0806 | 0.0615 | 1.0628 | 425.0280 |
西城区 | 0.0469 | 0.0119 | 0.0476 | 1.7485 | -216.4864 | 顺义区 | 0.0849 | 0.1552 | 0.0787 | 1.2615 | 1329.5240 |
朝阳区 | 0.2262 | 0.1791 | 0.2464 | 1.4559 | 8728.7908 | 昌平区 | 0.0506 | 0.0269 | 0.0519 | 1.8259 | 7097.4581 |
丰台区 | 0.1203 | 0.1701 | 0.1161 | 1.3685 | 14994.0000 | 大兴区 | 0.1294 | 0.2000 | 0.1065 | 0.8515 | -1139.0069 |
石景山区 | 0.0166 | 0.0090 | 0.0172 | 1.5007 | 1507.4304 | 怀柔区 | 0.0198 | 0.0119 | 0.0205 | 0.8920 | -218.2477 |
海淀区 | 0.1292 | 0.0687 | 0.1353 | 1.7661 | 12279.4097 | 平谷区 | 0.0142 | 0.0179 | 0.0139 | 1.0426 | 101.6286 |
门头沟区 | 0.0063 | 0.0179 | 0.0056 | 1.4671 | 564.8173 | 密云县 | 0.0145 | 0.0090 | 0.0149 | 0.9069 | -241.8358 |
房山区 | 0.0229 | 0.0239 | 0.0228 | 1.2129 | 929.0580 | 延庆县 | 0.0089 | 0.0090 | 0.0089 | 0.9981 | -3.2521 |
[1] | Wang Chengjin.Space Network Mode and Organization Mechanism of Logistics Enterprises. Beijing: Science Press, 2014. |
[王成金. 物流企业的空间网络模式与组织机理. 北京: 科学出版社, 2014.] | |
[2] |
Allena J, Brownea M, Cherrettb T.Investigating relationships between road freight transport, facility location, logistics management and urban form. Journal of Transport Geography, 2012, 24(9): 45-57.
doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.06.010 |
[3] | Sule D R.Logistics of Facility Location and Allocation, New York: Marcel Dekker, 2001. |
[4] |
Liu Haiyan, Li Zongping, Ye Huaizhen.Logistics distribution center allocation model. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2000, 35(3): 311-314.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.2000.03.021 |
[刘海燕, 李宗平, 叶怀珍. 物流配送中心选址模型. 西南交通大学学报, 2000, 35(3): 311-314.]
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.2000.03.021 |
|
[5] |
Taniguchi E, Noritake M, Yamada T, et al.Optimal size and location planning of public logistics terminals. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 1999, 35(3): 207-222.
doi: 10.1016/S1366-5545(99)00009-5 |
[6] | Yuan Qingda, Du Wen, Li Qingsong.The size and location of region public logistics center. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2001, 1(4): 97-100. |
[袁庆达, 杜文, 黎青松. 区域公共物流中心规模和选址问题. 交通运输工程学报, 2001, 1(4): 97-100.] | |
[7] |
Hesse M, Rodrigue J P.The transport geography of logistics and freight distribution. Journal of Transport Geography, 2004, 12(3): 171-184.
doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2003.12.004 |
[8] |
O'Connor K.Global city regions and the location of logistics activity. Journal of Transport Geography, 2010, 18(3): 354-362.
doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2009.06.015 |
[9] |
Van den Heuvel F P, de Langen P W, van Donselaar K H, et al. Regional logistics land allocation policies: stimulating spatial concentration of logistics firm. Transport Policy, 2013, 30(12): 275-282.
doi: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2013.09.022 |
[10] |
Rivera L, Sheffi Y, Welsch R.Logistics agglomeration in the US. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 2014, 59(11): 222-238.
doi: 10.1016/j.tra.2013.11.009 |
[11] |
Rivera L, Sheffi Y, Desirée K.Logistics clusters: The impact of further agglomeration, training and firm size on collaboration and value added services. International Journal of Production Economics, 2016, 179(9): 285-294.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2016.05.018 |
[12] |
Verhetsel A, Kessels R, Goos P, et al.Location of logistics companies: A stated preference study to disentangle the impact of accessibility. Journal of Transport Geography, 2015, 42(1): 110-121.
doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2014.12.002 |
[13] | Pan Yujuan, Cao Xiaoshu.Spatial patterns and their formation mechanism of supply logistics network of wholesale markets in Guangzhou. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012, 67(2): 179-188. |
[潘裕娟, 曹小曙. 广州批发市场的供应物流空间格局及其形成机制. 地理学报, 2012, 67(2): 179-188.] | |
[14] |
Cao Weidong.Spatial pattern and location evolution of urban logistics enterprises: Taking Suzhou as an example. Geographical Research, 2011, 30(11): 1997-2007.
doi: 10.11821/yj2011110006 |
[曹卫东. 城市物流企业区位分布的空间格局及其演化: 以苏州市为例. 地理研究, 2011, 30(11): 1997-2007.]
doi: 10.11821/yj2011110006 |
|
[15] |
Dablanc L, Ogilvie S, Goodchild A.Logistics sprawl: differential warehousing development patterns in Los Angeles and Seattle. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2014, 2410(12): 105-112.
doi: 10.3141/2410-12 |
[16] |
Takanori S, Kazuya K, Tetsuro H.Locational dynamics of logistics facilities: evidence from Tokyo. Journal of Transport Geography, 2015, 46(6): 10-19.
doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2015.05.003 |
[17] |
Dablanc L, Ross C Atlanta: A mega logistics center in the piedmont Atlantic megaregion. Journal of Transport Geography, 2012, 24(9): 432-442.
doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.05.001 |
[18] | Wang Chengjin.Spatial organizational network of logistics company in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2008, 63(2): 135-146. |
[王成金. 中国物流企业的空间组织网络. 地理学报, 2008, 63(2): 135-146.] | |
[19] |
Cao Weidong.Study on location features and spatial correlation of port enterprises: Taking Shanghai port backup area as an example. Geographical Research, 2012, 31(6): 1079-1088.
doi: 10.11821/yj2012060011 |
[曹卫东. 港航企业区位特征及其空间关联: 以上海港口后勤区为例. 地理研究, 2012, 31(6): 1079-1088.]
doi: 10.11821/yj2012060011 |
|
[20] |
Zhao Yongbo, Han Zenglin.The development and distribution of producer services in Dalian. Journal of Liaoning Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2009, 32(4): 500-504.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1735.2009.04.025 |
[赵永勃, 韩增林. 大连市生产性服务业发展与布局. 辽宁师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 32(4): 500-504.]
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1735.2009.04.025 |
|
[21] | Virginia G.Careers and recruiment: Mapping opportunies. Nature, 2004, 427: 376-377. |
[22] | Xu Shoubo. The Material Flow (Cont.). China Business and Market, 2007, 21(10): 7-10. |
[徐寿波. 大物流再论. 中国流通经济, 2007, 21(10): 7-10.] | |
[23] | Mao Haijun, Zhang Yong, Li Xuhong.Logistics enterprise classifying model. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering. 2005, 5(2): 117-121. |
[毛海军, 张永, 李旭宏. 物流企业分类模型. 交通运输工程学报, 2005, 5(2): 117-121.] | |
[24] | Ru Yihong, Tian Yuan.Logistics. 2nd ed. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2014. |
[汝宜红, 田源. 物流学. 2版. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2014.] | |
[25] | Li Guoqi, Jin Fengjun, Chen Yu, et al.Spatial patterns of logistics industry based on a geographic analysis of hotness degree. Progress in Geography, 2015, 34(5): 629-637. |
[李国旗, 金凤君, 陈娱, 等. 基于物流热度的中国物流业空间格局. 地理科学进展, 2015, 34(5): 629-637.] | |
[26] | Lin Xiaowei, Shu Hui, Yin Gongli.A empirical analysis of co-integration relationships among logistics, export and economic growth. Prices Monthly, 2013(11): 12-5. |
[林晓伟, 舒辉, 殷功利. 物流、出口与经济增长协整关系的实证分析. 价格月刊, 2013(11): 12-15.] | |
[27] |
Meng Bin.The spatial organization of the separation between jobs and residential locations in Beijing. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2009, 64(12): 1457-1466.
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2009.12.006 |
[孟斌. 北京城市居民职住分离的空间组织特征. 地理学报, 2009, 64(12): 1457-1466.]
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2009.12.006 |
|
[28] | Zhang Yongzhong, Bai Jingyu.Public logistics area planning: A case study of spatial planning for public logistic area in Beijing. City Planning Review, 2010(11): 31-34, 39. |
[张永仲, 白劲宇. 公共物流区空间规划探析: 以北京公共物流区空间规划研究为例. 城市规划, 2010(11): 31-34, 39.] | |
[29] | Zong Huiming, Wang Pengcheng, Dai Jicai.The spatial layout of logistics parks in Chongqing urban area and its impacts on the urban structure. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2015, 35(7): 831-837. |
[宗会明, 王鹏程, 戴技才. 重庆市主城区物流园区空间布局及其对城市空间结构的影响. 地理科学, 2015, 35(7): 831-837.] | |
[30] |
Zong Huiming, Zhou Suhong, Yan Xiaopei.Research on the spatial network of local comprehensive third-party logistics company under globalization: Taking Tengbang Logistics Company as a case. Geographical Research, 2015, 34(5): 944-952.
doi: 10.11821/dlyj201505013 |
[宗会明, 周素红, 闫小培. 全球化下地方综合服务型物流企业的空间网络组织: 以腾邦物流为案例. 地理研究, 2015, 34(5): 944-952.]
doi: 10.11821/dlyj201505013 |
|
[31] | Wang Chengjin, Li Guoqi.Entrance of international logistics firms into mainland china and its spatial network. Human Geography, 2016, 31(4): 72-79. |
[王成金, 李国旗. 国际物流企业进入中国的路径及空间网络. 人文地理, 2016, 31(4): 72-79.] | |
[32] |
Xiong Dezhang, Liu Qiaoqiao.Review and reflection of the asset specificity theory. Modern Management Science, 2010(5): 75-78.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-368X.2010.05.027 |
[熊德章, 刘乔乔. 资产专用性理论的回顾与反思. 现代管理科学, 2010(5): 75-78.]
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-368X.2010.05.027 |
[1] | 孟斌, 高丽萍, 李若倩. 基于协同区位商的北京城市职住要素空间关联[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(6): 1380-1393. |
[2] | 彭如霞, 夏丽丽, 林剑铬. 创新政策环境对外商直接投资区位选择的影响——以珠江三角洲核心区六市为例[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(4): 992-1005. |
[3] | 张学波, 宋金平, 于伟, 王振波. 基于感知的北京居民职住空间关系生成机理[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(2): 383-397. |
[4] | 孙宏日, 刘艳军, 周国磊. 东北地区交通优势度演变格局及影响机制[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(2): 444-458. |
[5] | 黄季夏, 张天媛, 王利, 杨林生, 葛全胜. 俄罗斯油气资源空间分布格局及可达性评估[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(9): 2009-2024. |
[6] | 高晓路, 吴丹贤, 颜秉秋. 北京城市老年贫困人口识别与空间分布[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(8): 1557-1571. |
[7] | 王开泳, 冯润东. 行政区划调整对政区位势的影响与定量化测度[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(8): 1617-1632. |
[8] | 古恒宇, 孟鑫, 沈体雁, 崔娜娜. 中国城市流动人口居留意愿影响因素的空间分异特征[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(2): 240-254. |
[9] | 宋伟轩, 陈艳如, 孙洁, 何淼. 长三角一体化区域城市房价空间分异的模式与效应[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(10): 2109-2125. |
[10] | 张杰, 史培军, 杨静, 龚道溢. 北京地区景观城市化进程对暴雨过程的影响——以“7·21”暴雨为例[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(1): 113-125. |
[11] | 黄木易, 岳文泽, 方斌, 冯少茹. 1970-2015年大别山区生态服务价值尺度响应特征及地理探测机制[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(9): 1904-1920. |
[12] | 林晓,徐伟,杜德斌,杨凡. 上海市风险投资企业的空间分布与“技术—资本”地理邻近性[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(6): 1112-1130. |
[13] | 乔治, 黄宁钰, 徐新良, 孙宗耀, 吴晨, 杨俊. 2003-2017年北京市地表热力景观时空分异特征及演变规律[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(3): 475-489. |
[14] | 张延吉,秦波,朱春武. 北京城市建成环境对犯罪行为和居住安全感的影响[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(2): 238-252. |
[15] | 王亮,刘慧. 基于PS-DR-DP理论模型的区域资源环境承载力综合评价[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(2): 340-352. |