基于人口省际流动的中国城市网络转变中心性与控制力研究——兼论递归理论用于城市网络研究的条件性

doi:10.11821/dlxb201706007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

转变中心性和控制力是近年来城市网络研究的重要方法。本文首先从网络拓扑结构角度讨论递归理论用于城市网络研究的条件性;其次,基于百度迁徙数据构建城市网络,利用复杂网络方法、改进后的转变中心性和控制力方法对城市网络进行测度。结论指出：① 递归理论用于城市网络分析有其特定的数据结构要求,其适用于树形结构、而不适用于局部存在完整图的网络结构的测度;② 基于人口省际流动的中国城市网络存在小世界现象,人口流动空间格局在全国和区域尺度下均呈现出明显的核心—边缘结构,国家城市化发展战略与重要交通设施对人口流动网络产生框架性的导向作用。哈尔滨—北京—西安—成都—大理一线是关联结构与强度空间差异的明显界限。③ 转变中心性与控制力更能揭示中国城市网络节点的属性特征,和辨识资源流通对网络城市产生的不同影响与空间效应。城市网络中既包括北京、上海、重庆、广州等以高中心性高控制力为特征的典型城市,也包括武汉、太原、贵阳、福州等高中心性低控制力的枢纽城市,和兰州、银川等低中心性高控制力的门户城市。因此,转变中心性和控制力概念对加深城市复杂多样化内涵的认识具有重要的意义。

关键词: 转变中心性和控制力, 城市网络, 人口流动, 递归, 中国

Abstract:

Application of the concepts of alter-based centrality and power has become a focus in the research on city networks in recent years. In this paper, the conditionality of recursive theory utilization to city networks is analyzed from the perspective of network topology structures. In addition, an urban network is constructed on the basis of Baidu migration data and measured using the complex network method, improved alter-based centrality, and the power method. The results show, in the first place, that the use of recursive theory for the analysis of urban networks has specific data structure requirements, suitable for tree structure, but not for the local existence of complete network structure measurements. Secondly, small world phenomena and spatial patterns of population mobility exhibit obvious core-periphery structures at national and regional scales. This means that the national urbanization development strategy and important transport facilities play key roles in enabling the population mobility network. In this context, the Harbin-Beijing-Xi'an-Chengdu-Dali line exhibits a significant network of spatial differences in terms of boundary divisions. Thirdly, the use of alter-based centrality and power reveal hierarchical characteristics, differences in the urban network, and the influence of different effects, including spatial ones, on the identification of network city resources. In this case, the network includes not just Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, and Guangzhou, high power quintessential cities with high centrality, but also a number of smaller lower power hub cities, including Wuhan, Taiyuan, Guiyang, and Fuzhou, as well as gateway cities that exhibit both low centrality and high power, such as Lanzhou and Yinchuan. Thus, the concepts of centrality and power are of great significance in broadening our understanding of complex urban diversification.

Key words: alter-based centrality and power, city network, population flow, recursion, China

赵梓渝, 魏冶, 庞瑞秋, 王士君, 冯章献. 基于人口省际流动的中国城市网络转变中心性与控制力研究——兼论递归理论用于城市网络研究的条件性[J]. 地理学报, 2017, 72(6): 1032-1048.

Ziyu ZHAO, Ye WEI, Ruiqiu PANG, Shijun WANG, Zhangxian FENG. Alter-based centrality and power of Chinese city network using inter-provincial population flow[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(6): 1032-1048.

图/表 15

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

表1

图6

图7

图8

表2

表3

图9

图10

表4

图11

参考文献 48

[1]	Henderson J, Dicken P, Martin H et al. Global production networks and the analysis of economic development. Review of International Political Economy, 2002, 9(3): 436-464. doi: 10.1080/09692290210150842
[2]	Jacobs W, Koster H, Hall P.The Location and Global Network Structure of Maritime Advanced Producer Services. Urban Studies, 2011, 48(13): 2749-2769. doi: 10.1177/0042098010391294
[3]	Zhao Miaoxi, Liu Zheng.Research on China's city network based on production service industry. City Planning Review, 2012, 36(9): 23-28, 38.
	[赵渺希, 刘铮. 基于生产性服务业的中国网络研究, 城市规划, 2012, 36(9): 23-28, 38.]
[4]	Derudder B, Witlox F, Faulconbridge J, et al.Airline data for global city network research: reviewing and refining existing approaches. Geojournal, 2008, 71(1): 5-18.
[5]	Wu Kang, Fang Chuanglin, Zhao Miaoxi, et al.The intercity space of flow influenced by high-speed rail: A case study for the rail transit passenger behavior between Beijing and Tianjin. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2013, 68(2): 159-174.
	[吴康, 方创琳, 赵渺希, 等. 京津城际高速铁路影响下的跨城流动空间特征. 地理学报, 2013, 68(2): 159-174.]
[6]	Matthiessen C W, Schwarz A W, Find S.World Cities of Scientific Knowledge: Systems, Networks and Potential Dynamics. An Analysis Based on Bibliometric Indicators. Urban Studies, 2010, 47(9): 1879-1897. doi: 10.1177/0042098010372683
[7]	Li Dandan, Wang Tao, Yehua Dennis WEI, et al.Spatial and temporal complexity of scientific knowledge network and technological knowledge network on China's urban scale. Geographical Research, 2015, 34(3): 525-540. doi: 10.11821/dlyj201503011
	[李丹丹, 汪涛, 魏也华, 等. 中国城市尺度科学知识网络与技术知识网络结构的时空复杂性. 地理研究, 2015, 34(3): 525-540.] doi: 10.11821/dlyj201503011
[8]	Taylor P J.The new geography of global civil society: NGOs in the world city network. Globalizations, 2004, 1(2): 265-277. doi: 10.1080/1474773042000308604
[9]	Friedmann J.The world city hypothesis. Development and Change, 1986, 17: 69-84.
[10]	Alderson A, Beckfield J.Power and position in the world city system, American Journal of Sociology, 2004, 109(4): 811-851. doi: 10.1086/378930
[11]	Taylor P.World City Network: A Global Urban Analysis. London: Routledge. 2004
[12]	Bonacich P.Power and Centrality: A Family of Measures. American Journal of Sociology, 1987, 92(5): 1170-1182. doi: 10.1086/228631
[13]	Mahutga M C, Ma X, Smith D A, et al.Economic globalisation and the structure of the world city system: The case of airline passenger data. Urban Studies, 2010, 47(9): 1925-1947. doi: 10.1177/0042098010372684
[14]	Taylor P J, Walker D R F, Catalano G, et al. Diversity and power in the world city network. Cities, 2002, 19(4): 231-241. doi: 10.1016/S0264-2751(02)00020-3
[15]	Ma Xiulian, Michael F Timberlake.Identifying China's leading world city: A network approach. GeoJournal, 2008, 71(1): 19-35. doi: 10.1007/s10708-008-9146-8
[16]	Cook K S, Yamagishi T.The distribution of power in exchange networks: Theory and experimental results. American Journal of Sociology, 1983, 89(2): 275-305. doi: 10.1086/227866
[17]	Emerson R M.Power-dependence relations. American Sociological Review, 1962, 27(1): 31-41.
[18]	Zachary Neal.Differentiating centrality and power in the world city network. Urban Studies, 2011, 48(13): 2733-2748. doi: 10.1177/0042098010388954
[19]	Zachary Neal.Does world city network research need eigenvectors? Urban Studies, 2013, 3(12): 1-12. doi: 10.1177/0042098013477702
[20]	Boyd J P, Mahutga M C, Smith D A.Measuring centrality and power recursively in the world city network: A reply to Neal. Urban Studies, 2013, 50(8): 1641-1647. doi: 10.1177/0042098012466599
[21]	Cihák M, Scuzzarella R, Muñoz S.The bright and the dark side of cross-border banking linkages. Czech Journal of Economics & Finance, 2011, 11(186): 200-225. doi: 10.5089/9781462309269.001
[22]	Yin Hongling, Wu Zhiqiang, Yang Ting.Review and enlightenment of the method to measure the world city network of Zachary Neal. Urban Planning International, 2014, 29(6): 110-113.
	[尹宏玲, 吴志强, 杨婷. 扎克瑞尼尔世界城市网络测度方法评述及其启示. 国际城市规划, 2014, 29(6): 110-113.]
[23]	Zhu Chasong, Wang De, Luo Zhendong.Centrality and power: A method of analyzing city network spatial structure. Urban Planning Forum, 2014(4): 24-30.
	[朱查松, 王德, 罗震东. 中心性与控制力: 长三角城市网络结构的组织特征及演化: 企业联系的视角. 城市规划学刊, 2014(4): 24-30.]
[24]	Wang Cheng, Wang Maojun, Chai Qing.The relationship between centrality and power in the city network. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(12): 1953-1972. doi: 10.11821/dlxb201512008
	[王成, 王茂军, 柴箐. 城市网络地位与网络权力的关系: 以中国汽车零部件交易链接网络为例. 地理学报, 2015, 70(12): 1953-1972.] doi: 10.11821/dlxb201512008
[25]	Haas H D.Migration and development: A theoretical perspective. International Migration Review, 2010, 44(1):227-264. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-7379.2009.00804.x pmid: 26900199
[26]	Zhu Yu, Lin Liyue.Studies on the temporal processes of migration and their spatial effects in China: Progress and Prospect. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2016, 36(6): 820-828.
	[朱宇, 林李月. 中国人口迁移流动的时间过程及其空间效应研究: 回顾与展望. 地理科学, 2016, 36(6): 820-828.]
[27]	Chi Renyong.The formation, structure and function of regional innovative network of small and medium-sized enterprises: A case study of Zhejiang province. Management World, 2005(10): 102-112.
	[池仁勇. 区域中小企业创新网络形成、结构属性与功能提升: 浙江省市政考察. 管理世界, 2005(10): 102-112.]
[28]	Ma Xueguang, Li Guicai.Study on world city network theory within global space of flow. Economic Geography, 2011, 31(10): 1630-1637.
	[马学广, 李贵才. 全球流动空间中的当代世界城市网络理论研究. 经济地理, 2011, 31(10): 1630-1637.]
[29]	Beaverstock J V, Smith R G, Taylor P J.World-city network: A new metageography? Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 2000, 90(1): 123-134. doi: 10.1111/0004-5608.00188
[30]	Liu X, Neal Z, Derudder B.Featured graphic: City networks in the United States: A comparison of four models. Environment and PlanningA, 2012, 44(2): 255-256. doi: 10.1068/a44496
[31]	Ke Wenqian, Yu Zhaoyuan, Chen Wei, et al.Architecture and key issues for human space- time behavior data observation. Geographical Research, 2015, 34(2): 373-383. doi: 10.11821/dlyj201502016
	[柯文前, 俞肇元, 陈伟, 等.人类时空行为数据观测体系架构及其关键问题. 地理研究. 2015, 34(2): 373-383.] doi: 10.11821/dlyj201502016
[32]	Timberlake M, Wei Y D, Ma X, et al.Global cities with Chinese characteristics. Cities, 2014, 41: 162-170. doi: 10.1016/j.cities.2014.02.009
[33]	Chen S, Zhou S.Recursive mechanism: Towards node differential privacy and unrestricted joins. Computer Science, 2013: 653-664. doi: 10.1145/2463676.2465304
[34]	Wang Cheng, Guan Rong, Wang Huiwen.Coverage-rate-based recursive K-means clustering method: An application of location problem in emergency system. Mathematics in Practice and Theory, 2016.
[35]	Sun Y, Li Z, Wang D.Hamiltonicity and Pancyclicity of binary recursive networks//International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing and Applications. Berlin and Heidelberg: Springer, 2007: 786-796.
[36]	Lu Zhao, Li Xiong, Shan Xue.Global recursive based node importance evaluation. Advanced Data Mining and Applications, 2016.
[37]	Norman M.A recursive method for traffic management through a complex path network. Simulation Conference, 2003, 1: 537-541. doi: 10.1109/WSC.2002.1172928
[38]
[39]
[40]	Wei Ye, Xiu Chunliang, Liu Zhimin, et al.Spatial pattern of city network in transitional China based on the population flows in "Chunyun" period. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2016, 36(1): 1-7.
	[魏冶, 修春亮, 刘志敏, 等. 春运人口流动透视的转型期中国城市网络结构. 地理科学, 2016, 36(1): 1-7.]
[41]	Liu Wangbao, Shi Enming.Spatial pattern of population daily flow among cities based on ICT: A case study of "Baidu Migration". Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(10): 1667-1679.
	[刘望保, 石恩名. 基于ICT的中国城市间人口日常流动空间格局: 以百度迁徙为例. 地理学报, 2016, 71(10): 1667-1679.]
[42]	Meo P D, Ferrara E, Fiumara G, et al.Fast unfolding of communities in large networks. Journal of Statistical Mechanics Theory & Experiment, 2008(10): 155-168. doi: 10.1088/1742-5468/2008/10/P10008
[43]	Chen Wei, Xiu Chunliang, Ke Wenqian, et al.Hierarchical structures of China's city network from the perspective of multiple traffic flows. Geographical Research, 2015, 34(11): 2073-2083. doi: 10.11821/dlyj201511006
	[陈伟, 修春亮, 柯文前, 等. 多元交通流视角下的中国城市网络层级特征. 地理研究, 2015, 34(11): 2073-2083.] doi: 10.11821/dlyj201511006
[44]	Wu Kang, Fang Chuanglin, Zhao Miaoxi.The spatial organization and structure complexity of Chinese intercity networks. Geographical Research, 2015, 34(4): 711-728. doi: 10.11821/dlyj201504010
	[吴康, 方创琳, 赵渺希. 中国城市网络的空间组织及其复杂性结构特征. 地理研究, 2015, 34(4): 711-728.] doi: 10.11821/dlyj201504010
[45]	Zachary Neal.Structural determinism in the interlocking world city network. Geographical Analysis, 2012, 44: 162-170. doi: 10.1111/j.1538-4632.2012.00843.x
[46]	Knoke D.Political Networks: The Structural Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
[47]	Derudder B, Timberlake M, Witlox F.Introduction: Mapping changes in urban systems. Urban Studies, 2010, 47(9): 1835-1841. doi: 10.1177/0042098010373504
[48]	Hesse M.Cities, material flows and the geography of spatial interaction: Urban places in the system of chains. Global Networks, 2010, 10(1): 75-91. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0374.2010.00275.x

簇	覆盖省份	主要城市	数量(个)
0	四川西藏新疆贵州青海云南	重庆成都昆明贵阳乌鲁木齐拉萨	70
1	河北黑龙江吉林辽宁内蒙古山东山西河南	北京天津沈阳哈尔滨长春济南太原	74
2	黑龙江西北	齐齐哈尔呼伦贝尔兴安盟大兴安岭	6
3	广东福建湖南湖北江西海南河南	广州深圳武汉东莞郑州长沙赣州南昌厦门	82
4	江苏上海浙江安徽河南	上海苏州南京杭州合肥宁波温州上饶常州	44
5	山西陕西河南内蒙古甘肃宁夏青海	西安玉林鄂尔多斯兰州银川	49
6	山东	徐州宿州临沂菏泽	12

位序	城市	AC	AP	位序	城市	AC	AP	位序	城市	AC	AP
1	北京	1.000	1.000	11	武汉	0.139	0.123	21	嘉兴	0.078	0.060
2	上海	0.698	0.650	12	西安	0.124	0.128	22	邯郸	0.078	0.073
3	天津	0.379	0.344	13	成都	0.114	0.095	23	无锡	0.073	0.067
4	重庆	0.281	0.332	14	徐州	0.109	0.123	24	合肥	0.072	0.058
5	苏州	0.265	0.229	15	郑州	0.096	0.083	25	唐山	0.063	0.045
6	广州	0.196	0.235	16	东莞	0.091	0.131	26	宁波	0.061	0.055
7	杭州	0.173	0.160	17	沧州	0.085	0.071	27	哈尔滨	0.057	0.069
8	深圳	0.167	0.199	18	石家庄	0.085	0.077	28	赣州	0.057	0.062
9	南京	0.159	0.192	19	长沙	0.084	0.080	29	沈阳	0.056	0.079
10	廊坊	0.153	0.100	20	保定	0.080	0.062	30	佛山	0.054	0.092

等级	类别	中心性值域	控制力值域	城市(数量/个)
国家级	典型城市	0.380~1.000	0.345~1.000	北京上海(2)
区域级	典型城市	0.125~0.379	0.132~0.344	天津重庆苏州广州杭州深圳南京(7)
	枢纽城市	0.125~0.379	0~0.131	武汉廊坊(2)
	门户城市	0~0.124	0.132~0.344
地方级	典型城市	0.032~0.124	0.034~0.131	成都西安徐州郑州东莞佛山长沙石家庄无锡合肥哈尔滨沈阳南宁济南昆明青岛长春张家口大连等(52)
	枢纽城市	0.032~0.124	0~0.033	宣城邢台泸州洛阳贵阳南通福州泉州衡阳九江(10)
	门户城市	0~0.031	0.034~0.131	兰州中山邵通呼伦贝尔通辽银川(6)
地方性	边缘城市	0~0.031	0~0.033	银川四平梧州秦皇岛湛江郴州连云港济宁扬州等(258)