社区建成环境对健康的影响——基于居民个体超重的实证研究

doi:10.11821/dlxb201610005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着中国经济发展和居民生活水平的提升,超重和肥胖问题开始显现,严重影响到居民的身体健康。基于中国家庭追踪调查的全国抽样数据,采用结构方程模型检验社区建成环境对居民个体超重的影响。研究发现,控制社会经济属性后,提高社区人口密度或设施可达性、缩短居民到公交站距离,可以通过减少个体机动化出行倾向而间接降低超重的可能性,但对超重的直接效应及总效应为正。这一结论与西方发达国家的经验不同,因此制定健康政策需要基于中国自身国情和规律,在建成环境方面应重点提高室外空间可步行性和休闲吸引力。

关键词: 建成环境, 超重, 出行方式, 结构方程, 中国

Abstract:

With the rapid economic development and living condition improvement in China, the problem of obesity becomes increasingly serious and threats to the residents' health. Based on the data of China family panel studies, this study examined the association among community built environment, individual commuting mode choice and overweight of adults with the structural equation model. It is concluded that community built environment has a significant effect on individual commuting mode choice and overweight. After social economic factors are controlled, improving population density and degree of accessibility of facilities, shortening the distance to the nearest bus station will lower the likelihood of overweight by the intermediary role of reducing private motorized commuting; however, the direct and total effects are positive. The latter conclusion contrasts with findings from western developed countries. In order to alleviate the obesity problem of China through geographical perspective, we should make urban planning policy according to China's own conditions and rules.

Key words: built environment, commuting mode, overweight, structural equation model, China

孙斌栋, 阎宏, 张婷麟. 社区建成环境对健康的影响——基于居民个体超重的实证研究[J]. 地理学报, 2016, 71(10): 1721-1730.

SUN Bindong,YAN Hong,ZHANG Tinglin. Impact of community built environment on residents' health:A case study on individual overweight[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(10): 1721-1730.

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参考文献 32

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变量名	样本数量	均值	标准差	最大值	最小值	中值
超重(超重=1)	15356	0.34	0.47	1.00	0.00	0.00
人口密度(万人/km²)	15356	-1.87	2.28	7.26	-9.98	-2.24
设施可达性(万个/km²)	15356	-6.73	2.31	2.92	-15.57	-7.09
距最近公交站距离(km)	15356	-1.04	1.64	2.30	-6.91	-0.69
城乡属性(农村=1)	15356	0.48	0.50	1.00	0.00	0.00
年龄(岁)	15356	48.78	14.69	93.00	18.00	48.00
性别(男性=1)	15356	0.49	0.50	1.00	0.00	0.00
婚姻状况(已婚=1)	15356	0.87	0.34	1.00	0.00	1.00
工作状况(工作=1)	15356	0.56	0.50	1.00	0.00	1.00
家庭人均收入(万元)	15356	-0.31	1.28	5.02	-9.90	-0.08
过去一周是否食肉(是=1)	15356	0.85	0.35	1.00	0.00	1.00
过去一周是否吃“垃圾”食品(是=1)	15356	0.31	0.46	1.00	0.00	0.00
日平均通勤时间(h)	15127	0.49	0.32	1.79	0.00	0.69
日平均睡眠时间(h)	15127	2.07	0.18	2.48	1.39	2.08
日平均吃饭时间(h)	15127	0.26	0.51	1.79	-2.30	0.00

	模型1			模型2			模型3
	个体机动化出行		超重		个体机动化出行	超重	个体机动化出行	超重
人口密度	-0.043^***	0.023^***		-0.043***	0.026^***		-0.044^***	0.026^***
距最近公交站距离	0.026^**	-0.020^**		0.026**	-0.022^***		0.026^**	-0.020^**
农村	0.202^***	-0.183^***		0.202***	-0.198^***		0.200^***	-0.193^***
年龄	0.011^**	0.067^***		0.011**	0.066^***		0.014^***	0.066^***
年龄二次项	0.000^***	-0.001^***		0.001***	-0.001^***		0.000^***	-0.001^***
男性	0.539^***	0.131^***		0.539***	0.090^***		0.542^***	0.074^***
已婚	0.413^***	0.108^***		0.413***	0.076^**		0.419^***	0.079^**
工作	0.146^***	-0.038		0.146***	-0.050^*		0.140^***	-0.050^*
家庭人均收入	0.060^***	0.048^***		0.060***	0.043^***		0.062^***	0.043^***
家庭人均收入二次项		0.006^*			0.006^*			0.006^*
摄入肉类食品		0.014			0.014			0.010
摄入垃圾食品		0.114^***			0.115^***			0.118^***
日平均通勤时间								-0.074^*
日平均睡眠时间								-0.111^*
日平均吃饭时间								-0.038
个体机动化出行					0.076^***			0.075^***
RMSEA	0.04		0.04			0.029
CFI	0.913		0.913			0.901
N	15356		15356			15127

	模型1			模型2			模型3
	个体机动化出行		超重		个体机动化出行	超重	个体机动化出行	超重
设施可达性	-0.027^**	0.019^**		-0.027^**	0.021^***		-0.029^***	0.020^***
距最近公交站距离	0.027^**	-0.020^**		0.027^**	-0.022^***		0.028^**	-0.021^**
农村	0.224^***	-0.190^***		0.224^***	-0.207^***		0.221^***	-0.201^***
年龄	0.011^**	0.067^***		0.011^**	0.066^***		0.014^***	0.066^***
年龄二次项	0.000^***	-0.001^***		0.000^***	-0.001^***		0.000^***	-0.001^***
男性	0.537^***	0.131^***		0.537^***	0.091^***		0.540^***	0.076^***
已婚	0.413^***	0.107^***		0.413^***	0.077^**		0.419^***	0.079^**
工作	0.147^***	-0.039		0.147^***	-0.049^*		0.142^***	-0.051^*
家庭人均收入	0.055^***	0.050^***		0.055^***	0.046^***		0.057^***	0.046^***
家庭人均收入二次项		0.006^*			0.006^*			0.007^*
摄入肉类食品		0.014			0.014			0.010
摄入垃圾食品		0.113^***			0.113^***			0.117^***
日平均通勤时间								-0.074^*
日平均睡眠时间								-0.115^*
日平均吃饭时间								-0.038
个体机动化出行					0.074^***			0.073^***
RMSEA	0.04		0.04			0.029
CFI	0.913		0.913			0.902
N	15356		15356			15127

变量名	高密度地区	中等密度地区	低密度地区
农村	0.22	0.50	0.72
家庭人均收入(万元)	0.00	-0.43	-0.51
过去一周是否食肉 (是=1)	0.88	0.85	0.83
过去一周是否吃“垃圾”食品(是=1)	0.32	0.33	0.29
个体机动化出行(是=1)	0.35	0.46	0.49
日平均通勤时间(h)	0.50	0.48	0.49
日平均睡眠时间(h)	2.04	2.08	2.08
日平均吃饭时间(h)	0.21	0.32	0.26
高频率外出就餐(是=1)	0.20	0.12	0.11
日平均静态活动时间(h)	1.19	1.03	0.96
日平均锻炼时间(h)	0.45	0.44	0.45