地理学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 71 ›› Issue (9): 1494-1508.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201609003
收稿日期:
2016-04-29
修回日期:
2016-06-16
出版日期:
2016-11-25
发布日期:
2016-11-25
作者简介:
作者简介:张蕾(1987-), 男, 江苏南通人, 硕士, 主要从事农业气象灾害预警与风险评估。E-mail:
基金资助:
Lei ZHANG1(), Houquan LU1(
), Liangyu WANG1, Bingyun YANG2
Received:
2016-04-29
Revised:
2016-06-16
Published:
2016-11-25
Online:
2016-11-25
Supported by:
摘要:
基于中国155个农业气象观测站1981-2010年逐旬土壤湿度资料,分析了全国和12个气候区域0~50 cm逐层的土壤湿度时空分布规律,采用趋势分析和Cramér-von Mises(CVM)方法探究了土壤湿度的变化趋势及突变性。结果表明:西南、江淮、东北、江南、江汉、黄淮和华南地区各层土壤湿度均高于全国平均值,内蒙古地区最低;随着深度增加,西南地区土壤湿度增加最明显,仅青藏高原地区土壤湿度减小。不同区域0~50 cm各层土壤湿度年变化和季节变化差异明显,并具有阶段性特征,大部地区深层土壤湿度高于浅层;总体上,新疆、华南、华北、青藏高原、东北、黄淮地区1981-2010年土壤湿度减小趋势显著,其中新疆地区减小最为明显。除江淮地区外,各区域土壤湿度均存在较为明显的年际差异,突变时段主要集中在20世纪80年代后期至90年代初期、90年代后期两个时间段。
张蕾, 吕厚荃, 王良宇, 杨冰韵. 中国土壤湿度的时空变化特征[J]. 地理学报, 2016, 71(9): 1494-1508.
Lei ZHANG, Houquan LU, Liangyu WANG, Bingyun YANG. Spatial-temporal characteristics of soil moisture in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(9): 1494-1508.
表1
中国各气候区不同区域0~50 cm土壤质地分类
地区 | 土壤 | 北方地区土壤类型所占比例(%) | 地区 | 土壤 | 南方地区土壤类型所占比例(%) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0~10 | 10~20 | 20~30 | 30~40 | 40~50 | 0~10 | 10~20 | 20~30 | 30~40 | 40~50 | |||||
东北 | 黏土 | 41 | 31 | 16 | 16 | 12 | 江淮 | 黏土 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
黏壤土 | 39 | 29 | 43 | 41 | 45 | 黏壤土 | 40 | 20 | 40 | 20 | 20 | |||
壤土 | 14 | 29 | 22 | 20 | 20 | 壤土 | 60 | 40 | 40 | 20 | 20 | |||
砂壤土 | 4 | 6 | 10 | 8 | 10 | 砂壤土 | 0 | 20 | 20 | 40 | 40 | |||
壤砂土 | 2 | 6 | 6 | 12 | 2 | 壤砂土 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 20 | |||
砂土 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 10 | 砂土 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
内蒙古 | 黏土 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 江汉 | 黏土 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
黏壤土 | 13 | 33 | 13 | 27 | 7 | 黏壤土 | 33 | 67 | 33 | 0 | 0 | |||
壤土 | 27 | 20 | 33 | 7 | 40 | 壤土 | 33 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
砂壤土 | 27 | 27 | 13 | 27 | 7 | 砂壤土 | 33 | 0 | 67 | 67 | 33 | |||
壤砂土 | 7 | 7 | 40 | 33 | 40 | 壤砂土 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33 | 33 | |||
砂土 | 7 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 砂土 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33 | |||
华北 | 黏土 | 12 | 8 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 江南 | 黏土 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
黏壤土 | 40 | 16 | 12 | 20 | 16 | 黏壤土 | 25 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | |||
壤土 | 32 | 40 | 52 | 36 | 44 | 壤土 | 75 | 75 | 25 | 50 | 50 | |||
砂壤土 | 8 | 20 | 24 | 8 | 12 | 砂壤土 | 0 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 25 | |||
壤砂土 | 8 | 12 | 8 | 24 | 20 | 壤砂土 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 25 | 0 | |||
砂土 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 4 | 砂土 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 25 | |||
黄淮 | 黏土 | 22 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 华南 | 黏土 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
黏壤土 | 50 | 22 | 11 | 11 | 17 | 黏壤土 | 50 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
壤土 | 17 | 44 | 28 | 33 | 22 | 壤土 | 50 | 50 | 100 | 0 | 0 | |||
砂壤土 | 6 | 22 | 22 | 33 | 22 | 砂壤土 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 50 | |||
壤砂土 | 6 | 6 | 22 | 17 | 22 | 壤砂土 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
砂土 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 6 | 17 | 砂土 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | |||
新疆 | 黏土 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 西南 | 黏土 | 22 | 33 | 11 | 11 | 33 | |
黏壤土 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 黏壤土 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 33 | 11 | |||
壤土 | 50 | 25 | 50 | 25 | 75 | 壤土 | 0 | 44 | 44 | 22 | 22 | |||
砂壤土 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 砂壤土 | 11 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 0 | |||
壤砂土 | 25 | 0 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 壤砂土 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 22 | 11 | |||
砂土 | 0 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 砂土 | 0 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 22 | |||
西北中东部 | 黏土 | 35 | 29 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 青藏高原 | 黏土 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
黏壤土 | 47 | 35 | 53 | 35 | 47 | 黏壤土 | 50 | 50 | 33 | 17 | 33 | |||
壤土 | 18 | 29 | 24 | 41 | 18 | 壤土 | 17 | 17 | 33 | 67 | 33 | |||
砂壤土 | 0 | 6 | 18 | 12 | 24 | 砂壤土 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 17 | |||
壤砂土 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 壤砂土 | 17 | 33 | 17 | 0 | 0 | |||
砂土 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 砂土 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 17 |
表2
中国各气候区域各层次平均土壤湿度及其倾向率
土壤湿度均值(%) | 土壤湿度倾向率(%?(10a)-1) | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0~50 | 0~10 | 10~20 | 20~30 | 30~40 | 40~50 | 0~50 | 0~10 | 10~20 | 20~30 | 30~40 | 40~50 | ||
全国 | 18.3 | 17.4 | 18.0 | 18.2 | 18.7 | 19.2 | -0.8 | -0.5 | -0.9 | -0.7 | -0.9 | -0.9 | |
东北 | 21.7 | 20.8 | 21.7 | 21.9 | 21.9 | 22.0 | -0.6* | -0.3 | -0.8* | -0.8* | -0.6* | -0.7* | |
内蒙古 | 9.5 | 8.9 | 9.1 | 9.4 | 10.0 | 10.4 | -0.3 | -0.1 | -0.4 | -0.3 | -0.3 | -0.3 | |
华北 | 16.1 | 15.3 | 15.8 | 16.0 | 16.3 | 17.0 | -1.3* | -1.1* | -1.4* | -1.4* | -1.2* | -1.3* | |
黄淮 | 19.5 | 18.7 | 19.2 | 19.2 | 19.9 | 20.5 | -0.6* | -0.1 | -0.6* | -0.7* | -1.0* | -1.0* | |
新疆 | 11.3 | 9.5 | 10.7 | 11.5 | 12.0 | 12.9 | -3.8* | -3.6* | -4.0* | -3.5* | -3.0* | -2.3* | |
西北地区中东部 | 13.9 | 13.5 | 14.2 | 14.0 | 13.9 | 13.9 | -0.4 | -0.3 | -0.4 | -0.4 | -0.4 | -0.4 | |
江淮 | 24.1 | 23.6 | 23.6 | 23.9 | 24.3 | 24.8 | -0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | -0.5* | -0.6* | |
江汉 | 21.0 | 20.3 | 20.5 | 20.6 | 21.6 | 22.3 | 0.3 | 0.8* | 0.4 | 0.3 | -0.3 | -0.7 | |
江南 | 21.3 | 21.3 | 21.1 | 21.2 | 21.4 | 21.6 | -0.3 | 0.0 | -0.3 | -0.4 | -0.5* | -0.7* | |
华南 | 18.9 | 18.2 | 19.7 | 19.3 | 18.7 | 18.7 | -1.8* | -1.8* | -2.7* | -1.7* | -0.8* | -0.4 | |
西南 | 24.4 | 20.1 | 21.6 | 23.6 | 27.4 | 29.3 | 0.1 | 0.0 | -0.4 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.5 | |
青藏高原 | 17.9 | 19.0 | 18.8 | 17.6 | 17.1 | 17.2 | -1.2* | -0.5 | -1.4* | -1.2* | -1.6* | -2.4* |
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