地理学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 71 ›› Issue (8): 1315-1328.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201608003
何艳冰1,2(), 黄晓军1(
), 翟令鑫1, 闫倩1, 杨新军1
收稿日期:
2015-09-28
修回日期:
2015-11-30
出版日期:
2016-08-25
发布日期:
2016-08-30
作者简介:
作者简介:何艳冰(1983-), 女, 河南新乡人, 博士生, 讲师, 国家注册城市规划师, 主要从事人地关系脆弱性研究。E-mail:
基金资助:
Yanbing HE1,2(), Xiaojun HUANG1(
), Lingxin ZHAI1, Qian YAN1, Xinjun YANG1
Received:
2015-09-28
Revised:
2015-11-30
Online:
2016-08-25
Published:
2016-08-30
Supported by:
摘要:
脆弱性理论是分析人地相互作用程度、机理与过程的重要工具,为可持续性评估研究提供了新的视角。将社会脆弱性工具应用到城市边缘区研究中,视快速城市化为主要干扰,选取西安城市边缘区所辖街道为基本单元,从暴露度、敏感性、适应能力3方面构建社会脆弱性评价框架与指标体系,综合运用熵值法、函数模型法以及遥感与地理信息系统技术对社会脆弱性程度进行评价,揭示社会脆弱性空间分异格局,探究社会脆弱性关键影响因素及其影响机制。结果表明:① 西安城市边缘区的暴露度格局呈现出自中心向外围渐趋减缓的特征;敏感性程度的高、低分布与暴露度的低、高分布在空间上具有相似性;适应能力的空间规律性不明显;② 社会脆弱性空间分布不均衡,以中、低等级为主,低等级街道分布在城市内边缘区,中等级街道分散在城市外边缘区;③ 建设用地面积比重等8个因子对社会脆弱性有重要影响,土地利用方式与景观格局的变化以及物质与社会发展的不平衡是城市边缘区社会脆弱性形成的主要原因,社会系统体制转换阶段的差异进一步加剧了社会脆弱性;④ 城市边缘区应通过优化系统内部结构和功能以适应城市化的扰动,包括制定适应性管理政策和加强城市边缘区社会适应能力建设。
何艳冰, 黄晓军, 翟令鑫, 闫倩, 杨新军. 西安快速城市化边缘区社会脆弱性评价与影响因素[J]. 地理学报, 2016, 71(8): 1315-1328.
Yanbing HE, Xiaojun HUANG, Lingxin ZHAI, Qian YAN, Xinjun YANG. Assessment and influencing factors of social vulnerability to rapid urbanization in urban fringe: A case study of Xi'an[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(8): 1315-1328.
表1
城市边缘区社会脆弱性评价指标体系"
目标层 | 准则层 | 指标层 | 指标权重 | 指标性质 | 数据来源 | 指标含义 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
社 会 脆 弱 性 | 暴 露 度 (+) | E1距市中心的距离(km) | 0.1221 | - | 通过ArcGIS10测度 | 反映空间邻近性特征 |
E2斑块密度(个/km2) | 0.1220 | + | 通过fragstats4.2计算 | 反映单位面积的斑块数 | ||
E3香农多样性指数 | 0.1446 | + | 通过fragstats4.2计算 | 反映景观异质性 | ||
E4景观破碎度指数 | 0.3383 | + | 通过fragstats4.2计算 | 反映景观分割破碎程度 | ||
E5建设用地面积比重(%) | 0.2730 | + | 遥感影像解译 | 反映土地城市化水平 | ||
敏感 性 (+) | S1农业人口比重(%) | 0.3040 | + | 各区统计年鉴 | 人口结构的敏感性状态 | |
S2第一产业总产值(万元) | 0.3767 | + | 各区统计年鉴 | 产业结构的敏感性状态 | ||
S3人均耕地面积(亩/人) | 0.3193 | + | 各区统计年鉴 | 土地空间的敏感性状态 | ||
适 应 能 力 (-) | A1规模以上工业增加值(亿元) | 0.2677 | + | 各区统计年鉴 | 反映工业化发展水平 | |
A2全社会固定资产投资(亿元) | 0.2452 | + | 各区统计年鉴 | 反映城市建设水平 | ||
A3城乡居民收入比 | 0.0621 | - | 各区统计年鉴 | 反映城乡收入差距 | ||
A4人均社会消费品零售额(元) | 0.2802 | + | 各区统计年鉴 | 反映生活消费水平 | ||
A5农村劳动力从事非农产业人员比重(%) | 0.0510 | + | 各区统计年鉴 | 反映居民就业多样性 | ||
A6初中以上学历人口比重(%) | 0.0546 | + | 西安市“六普”数据 | 反映人口受教育水平 | ||
A7文盲人口占15岁以上人口比重(%) | 0.0392 | - | 西安市“六普”数据 | 反映人口受教育水平 |
表2
西安城市边缘区社会脆弱性评价结果"
市辖区 | 街道 | 暴露度指数(EI) | 敏感性指数(SI) | 适应能力指数(AI) | 社会脆弱性指数(SVI) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
灞桥区 | 红旗 | 0.483 | 0.324 | 0.570 | -0.028 |
席王 | 0.411 | 0.558 | 0.671 | -0.146 | |
洪庆 | 0.441 | 0.370 | 0.507 | -0.025 | |
狄寨 | 0.356 | 0.667 | 0.220 | 0.090 | |
灞桥 | 0.566 | 0.560 | 0.415 | 0.084 | |
新筑 | 0.393 | 0.702 | 0.413 | -0.014 | |
新合 | 0.327 | 0.781 | 0.218 | 0.085 | |
长安区 | 韦曲 | 0.735 | 0.084 | 0.547 | 0.016 |
郭杜 | 0.572 | 0.354 | 0.582 | -0.004 | |
细柳 | 0.282 | 0.677 | 0.224 | 0.039 | |
杜曲 | 0.289 | 0.735 | 0.132 | 0.116 | |
大兆 | 0.362 | 0.773 | 0.084 | 0.214 | |
兴隆 | 0.337 | 0.480 | 0.136 | 0.097 | |
黄良 | 0.287 | 0.705 | 0.157 | 0.092 | |
王曲 | 0.382 | 0.526 | 0.147 | 0.124 | |
五星 | 0.240 | 0.679 | 0.090 | 0.102 | |
炮里 | 0.255 | 0.705 | 0.076 | 0.126 | |
雁塔区 | 等驾坡 | 0.696 | 0.099 | 0.408 | 0.029 |
鱼化寨 | 0.688 | 0.104 | 0.529 | 0.017 | |
未央区 | 六村堡 | 0.503 | 0.302 | 0.159 | 0.104 |
汉城 | 0.449 | 0.118 | 0.238 | 0.025 | |
草滩 | 0.317 | 0.033 | 0.571 | -0.008 | |
沣东新城 | 三桥 | 0.570 | 0.061 | 0.192 | 0.023 |
斗门 | 0.481 | 0.596 | 0.112 | 0.219 | |
王寺 | 0.533 | 0.646 | 0.123 | 0.265 |
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