地理学报

地理学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 71 ›› Issue (1): 3-20.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201601001

• 生态与环境 •    下一篇

三江源生态保护和建设一期工程生态成效评估

邵全琴1(), 樊江文1(), 刘纪远1, 黄麟1, 曹巍1, 徐新良1, 葛劲松2, 吴丹3, 李志强2, 巩国丽4, 聂学敏2, 贺添1, 王立亚5, 邴龙飞6, 李其江7, 陈卓奇8, 张更权9, 张良侠10, 杨永顺11, 杨帆1, 周万福12, 刘璐璐1, 祁永刚13, 赵国松1, 李愈哲1   

  1. 1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101
    2. 青海省生态环境遥感监测中心,西宁 810007
    3. 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,南京 210042
    4. 山西省环境规划院,太原 030024
    5. 青海省草原总站,西宁 810008
    6. 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳 110016
    7. 青海省水文水资源勘测局,西宁 810001
    8. 北京师范大学,北京 100875
    9. 青海省林业调查规划院,西宁 810008
    10. 南京信息工程大学, 南京 210044
    11. 青海省环境监测中心站,西宁 810007
    12. 青海省气象科学研究所,西宁 810001
    13. 青海省水土保持局,西宁 810001
  • 收稿日期:2015-05-08 修回日期:2015-07-07 出版日期:2016-01-31 发布日期:2016-01-15
  • 作者简介:

    作者简介:邵全琴(1962-), 女, 研究员, 主要从事陆地生态系统综合监测与评估,区域环境变化探测与模拟,国家重大生态工程效果评估,西部重点生态区综合治理规划等研究.E-mail: shaoqq@igsnrr.ac.cn

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41571504);国家科技支撑项目(2013BAC03B00);中国科学院科技服务网络计划(KFJ-EW-STS-005-04);青海省项目"2005-2012年三江源自然保护区生态保护和建设工程生态成效综合评估

Assessment on the effects of the first-stage ecological conservation and restoration project in Sanjiangyuan region

SHAO Quanqin1(), FAN Jiangwen1(), LIU Jiyuan1, HUANG Lin1, CAO Wei1, XU Xinliang1, GE Jinsong2, WU Dan3, LI Zhiqiang2, GONG Guoli4, NIE Xuemin2, HE Tian1, WANG Liya5, BING Longfei6, LI Qijiang7, CHEN Zhuoqi8, ZHANG Gengquan9, ZHANG Liangxia10, YANG Yongshun11, YANG Fan1, ZHOU Wanfu12, LIU Lulu1, QI Yonggang13, ZHAO Guosong1, LI Yuzhe1   

  1. 1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
    2. Remote Sensing Monitoring Center of Ecosystem and Environment, Qinghai Province, Xining 810007, China
    3. Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China
    4. Shanxi Academy for Environmental Planning, Taiyuan 030024, China
    5. Grassland Station in Qinghai Province, Xining 810008, China
    6. Institute of Applied Ecology, CAS, Shenyang 110016, China
    7. Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Bureau in Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, China
    8. Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
    9. Qinghai Institute of Forestry Investigation and Planning, Xining 810008, China
    10. Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
    11. Qinghai Environmental Monitoring Station, Xining 810007, China
    12. Qinghai Institute of Meteorological Science, Xining 810001, China
    13. Bureau of Soil and Water Conservation in Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, China
  • Received:2015-05-08 Revised:2015-07-07 Published:2016-01-31 Online:2016-01-15
  • Supported by:
    National Nature Sciences Foundation of China, No.41571504;National Key Technology Research and Development Program, No.2013BAC03B00;Science and Technology Service Network Initiative of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.KFJ-EW-STS-005-04;Program of Qinghai Province "Integrated assessment on the ecological effects of ecological conservation and restoration project in Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve, 2005-2012

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摘要：

基于生态系统结构--服务动态过程趋势分析,针对生态保护与建设工程预期目标,构建了由生态系统结构,质量,服务及其变化因素构成的生态成效评估指标体系,研究发展野外观测,遥感监测和生态过程定量模拟一体化的监测评估技术体系,评估了三江源生态保护和建设一期工程的生态成效.结果表明:工程实施8年以来,三江源区宏观生态状况趋好但尚未达到1970s比较好的生态状况,草地持续退化趋势得到初步遏制但难以达到预期"草地植被盖度提高平均20%~40%"的目标,水体与湿地生态系统整体有所恢复,生态系统水源涵养和流域水供给能力提高,区域水源涵养量达到了增加13.20亿m3目标;重点工程区内生态恢复程度好于非工程区,除了气候影响以外,工程的实施对促进植被恢复具有明显而积极的作用;然而,草地退化局面没有获得根本性扭转,工程实施尚未遏制土壤水蚀增加趋势,一期工程局部性和初步性特点突显出三江源区生态保护任务的长期性和艰巨性.

关键词: 三江源区, 生态保护和建设工程, 生态监测与评估, 生态成效

Abstract:

In this paper, we developed a series of assessment indexes based on the evaluation of ecological effects, which consists of the ecosystem structure, qualities, services, and main impacting factors for these changes. Comprehensive monitoring and assessment methods that focused on the planning objectives of ecological conservation and restoration project were developed based on field observation, remote sensing monitoring and quantitative simulation of ecological processes. Then we assessed the ecological effects of the first-stage of ecological conservation and restoration project in Sanjiangyuan region by adopting the trend analysis of dynamics in ecosystem structure and services. The results showed that since the beginning of the project eight years ago, the macro-situation of ecosystem in this region has been getting better but not reached the best situation in the 1970s. The continued degradation trends of grassland have been initially contained, but it is difficult to achieve the expected objective of "the vegetation coverage of grassland increasing by an average of 20%-40%". The wetland and water-body ecosystems have been restored. The water conservation service of ecosystem and water supply capacity of watershed were increased, and the volume of?ecosystem water conservation reached the objective of increasing by 1.32 billion m3. The ecological restoration in the project regions tended to be better than that outside the project regions. In addition to climate change, implementation of the ecological conservation and restoration project had obvious and positive effects on vegetation restoration. However, the degradation situations of grassland were not fundamentally reversed, and the implementation of the project has not been curbing the increasing trend of soil erosion. Therefore, the local and preliminary characteristics of the first-stage of the project highlighted the long-term and arduous ecosystem conservation and protection in the Sanjiangyuan region.

Key words: Sanjiangyuan region, ecological conservation and restoration, ecosystem monitoring and assessment, ecological effects