基于EEA方法的中国水泥制造业能耗的空间差异

doi:10.11821/dlxb201510003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于对中国23个省区的水泥生产线的实地调研数据以及2012年水泥制造业的行业数据和相关社会经济数据,运用EEA方法计算了各省区水泥制造业的能耗,并对中国水泥制造业能耗的的空间格局进行描述和分析。研究发现：① 中国水泥制造业能耗总量较多分布在以安徽、山东为核心的东部地带和以四川为核心的西部地带,其中能源?耗强化了东部核心,而外部性?耗不同程度地突出了中西部省份的社会隐性成本;② 中国水泥制造业的能效呈现出从西部向东部递增的特点,尤其体现在能源利用效率、劳动力效率和资金利用效率三部分,而环境效率强凸显了西藏、新疆、内蒙古、山西的环境成本;③ 在能耗总量和能耗强度共同作用下,对23个省区进行分类,依据其能耗特征可分为8类;④ 较高的行业集中度是水泥制造业能效提高的主要驱动力。

关键词: 水泥制造业, 空间差异, 能耗, EEA方法, 中国

Abstract:

Factory data from 23 Chinese provinces, combined with Chinese cement manufacturing industry data and socioeconomic data from 2012, was used to analyze the spatial distribution of exergy use for China's cement manufacturing industry using the Extended Exergy Accounting method. This method allows for the inclusion of energy and raw material supply and other external factors (capital, labor and environment) in a comprehensive resource cost assessment. We quantitatively calculated the extended exergy consumption and its intensity at the provincial level and evaluated the agglomeration level of exergy use at the regional level. Based on this analysis, a distribution in size and efficiency of exergy use at the provincial level was determined, and regional characteristics were revealed. The results are as follows. (1) The gross distribution of exergy use in China's cement manufacturing industry is focused on the eastern region, which centers on Anhui and Shandong, and on the western region with Sichuan as a core. For exergy use, energy costs related to coal and electricity are highest for the center of the eastern region, whereas the costs of capital, labor and external environmental factors highlight the invisible social cost in the central and western regions to various degrees. (2) The efficiency distribution of exergy use in China's cement manufacturing industry reveals an incremental character from west to east, especially for the energy, labor and capital efficiencies. An evaluation of the environmental efficiency indicates that Tibet, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and Shanxi have much higher environmental costs. (3) By building up the Euclidean distance model using the gross and efficiency results of exergy use, the 23 provinces could be classified into eight groups. (4) High industry concentration is the main driving factor of exergy efficiency improvement for cement manufacturing industry.

Key words: cement manufacturing industry, spatial difference, exergy use, extended exergy accounting method, China

陈枫楠, 沈镭, 刘立涛, 高天明. 基于EEA方法的中国水泥制造业能耗的空间差异[J]. 地理学报, 2015, 70(10): 1566-1580.

Fengnan CHEN, Lei SHEN, Litao LIU, Tianming GAO. Distribution of exergy use of cement manufacturing industry in China based on the extended exergy accounting method[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(10): 1566-1580.

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	扩展?	能源?耗	劳动力?耗	资金?耗	环境成本?耗
安徽	485.937	443.641	22.363	2.221	17.712
山东	418.394	360.372	39.139	4.624	14.259
四川	403.122	328.768	52.613	8.921	12.820
河南	338.594	300.191	25.007	1.980	11.416
广西	298.105	255.748	25.554	6.342	10.462
广东	295.514	264.361	19.731	0.566	10.857
湖南	291.936	237.273	38.695	8.170	7.798
河北	291.914	238.490	36.873	6.866	9.686
云南	290.653	261.074	20.333	1.838	7.408
湖北	279.172	244.959	22.515	3.054	8.644
江苏	262.285	226.601	25.161	2.313	8.210
浙江	254.440	236.305	8.794	0.194	9.147
福建	229.120	214.621	7.529	0.286	6.684
江西	227.888	193.742	22.709	4.482	6.956
陕西	211.176	188.898	14.276	1.165	6.837
新疆	207.209	191.190	9.618	0.541	5.860
贵州	188.316	162.811	17.833	1.335	6.337
内蒙古	175.765	153.476	13.487	2.260	6.542
辽宁	171.575	151.771	12.875	0.880	6.049
重庆	170.913	149.190	14.665	1.510	5.547
山西	154.046	137.738	10.657	0.391	5.260
西藏	21.865	19.796	1.478	0.099	0.491
北京	18.369	16.754	0.654	0.001	0.960

	安徽	山东	四川	河南	广西	广东	湖南	河北	云南	湖北
扩展?值	486	418	403	339	298	296	292	292	291	279
占全国比重	8.5%	7.4%	7.1%	6.0%	5.2%	5.2%	5.1%	5.1%	5.1%	4.9%

	安徽	山东	四川	河南	广东	云南	广西	湖北	河北	湖南
能源?耗	444	360	329	300	264	261	256	245	238	237
占扩展?的比重(%)	91.3	86.1	81.6	88.7	89.5	89.8	85.8	87.7	81.7	81.3
	四川	山东	湖南	河北	广西	江苏	河南	江西	湖北	安徽
劳动力外部性?耗	52.6	39.1	38.7	36.9	25.6	25.2	25.0	22.7	22.5	22.4
占扩展?的比重(%)	13.1	9.4	13.3	12.6	8.6	9.6	7.4	10.0	8.1	4.6
	四川	湖南	河北	广西	山东	江西	湖北	江苏	内蒙古	安徽
资金外部性?耗	8.9	8.2	6.9	6.3	4.6	4.5	3.1	2.3	2.3	2.2
占扩展?的比重(%)	2.2	2.8	2.4	2.1	1.1	2.0	1.1	0.9	1.3	0.5
	安徽	山东	四川	河南	广东	广西	河北	浙江	湖北	江苏
环境成本?耗	17.7	14.3	12.8	11.4	10.9	10.5	9.7	9.1	8.6	8.2
占扩展?的比重(%)	3.6	3.4	3.2	3.4	3.7	3.5	3.3	3.6	3.1	3.1

		东部地带	中部地带	西部地带
扩展?耗基尼系数	G	0.225	0.191	0.243
能源?耗基尼系数	G1	0.218	0.199	0.234
劳动力?耗基尼系数	G2	0.389	0.174	0.353
资金?耗基尼系数	G3	0.613	0.388	0.513
环境?耗基尼系数	G4	0.238	0.221	0.241
基尼系数均值	G0	0.337	0.234	0.317

	扩展?强度	能源?耗强度	劳动力?耗强度	资金?耗强度	环境成本?耗强度
西藏	10339.752	9361.690	698.847	46.843	232.372
新疆	6256.840	5773.150	290.411	16.323	176.956
湖南	5496.197	4467.078	728.507	153.807	146.805
云南	5447.390	4893.027	381.086	34.443	138.834
四川	5215.048	4253.154	680.638	115.410	165.845
陕西	5160.090	4615.729	348.837	28.463	167.061
山西	5150.822	4605.546	356.344	13.063	175.870
江苏	5102.379	4408.192	489.477	45.004	159.705
湖北	5031.084	4414.514	405.759	55.041	155.770
内蒙古	5022.853	4385.894	385.427	64.591	186.941
福建	4922.684	4611.174	161.752	6.144	143.613
河北	4908.618	4010.269	620.022	115.448	162.880
山东	4803.530	4137.393	449.347	53.089	163.701
江西	4801.097	4081.713	478.424	94.417	146.543
重庆	4795.631	4186.113	411.496	42.372	155.651
河南	4721.650	4186.137	348.714	27.607	159.191
辽宁	4648.038	4111.535	348.789	23.832	163.882
浙江	4487.138	4167.314	155.084	3.427	161.313
贵州	4483.586	3876.349	424.588	31.782	150.867
广西	4389.202	3765.548	376.248	93.373	154.033
安徽	4371.883	3991.352	201.196	19.980	159.355
广东	4301.659	3848.172	287.214	8.237	158.036
北京	2842.496	2592.588	101.171	0.113	148.625