地理学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 70 ›› Issue (7): 1165-1176.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201507012
胡贵明(), 黄春长(
), 周亚利, 庞奖励, 查小春, 郭永强, 张玉柱, 赵雪如
收稿日期:
2015-04-08
修回日期:
2015-05-18
出版日期:
2015-07-20
发布日期:
2015-08-11
作者简介:
作者简介:胡贵明(1988-), 男, 山东临沂人, 博士, 主要从事自然地理方向研究。E-mail:
基金资助:
Guiming HU(), Chunchang HUANG(
), Yali ZHOU, Jiangli PANG, Xiaochun ZHA, Yongqiang GUO, Yuzhu ZHANG, Xueru ZHAO
Received:
2015-04-08
Revised:
2015-05-18
Online:
2015-07-20
Published:
2015-08-11
Supported by:
摘要:
对伊洛河流域进行水文学和沉积学野外调查,在伊河龙门峡(LMX)地点发现典型的全新世黄土—古土壤剖面,根据野外沉积特征和磁化率、粒度分析判定该剖面夹有五层洪水滞流沉积层(SWD)。通过OSL测年和地层对比,确定该地层记录了四期五次特大洪水事件,分别发生在3100~3000 a BP、1800~1700 a BP、770~610 a BP和420~340 a BP,并结合史料等初步判断其中包含了AD 223和1761年历史洪水的沉积记录。这些古洪水事件与全新世气候恶化、转折和气候事件有明确的对应关系。采用古洪水水文学方法恢复洪峰水位,并采用比降—面积法计算出古洪水和历史洪水事件的洪峰流量介于14100~15800 m3/s。同时,根据实测获得1958年7月17日伊河龙门大洪水的洪峰水位和流量数据,采用相同参数和方法恢复其洪峰流量,误差仅有-3.6%,表明在该河段古洪水水文学重建所选参数和计算结果是可靠的。这些研究成果既证明季风气候区河流水文系统对全新世气候异常事件响应敏感,又为伊洛河流域水利、交通和防洪工程建设提供基础数据,具有重要的科学意义和实践价值。
胡贵明, 黄春长, 周亚利, 庞奖励, 查小春, 郭永强, 张玉柱, 赵雪如. 伊河龙门峡段全新世古洪水和历史洪水水文学重建[J]. 地理学报, 2015, 70(7): 1165-1176.
Guiming HU, Chunchang HUANG, Yali ZHOU, Jiangli PANG, Xiaochun ZHA, Yongqiang GUO, Yuzhu ZHANG, Xueru ZHAO. Hydrological reconstruction of Holocene palaeofloods and historical floods in the Longmen Gorge of the Yihe River[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(7): 1165-1176.
表1
伊河龙门峡剖面光释光测年数据表"
样品 | 深度(cm) | U(ppm) | Th(ppm) | K(%) | 含水量(%) | 等效剂量(Gy) | 环境剂量(Gy.ka-1) | Age(a) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
YH-MS-1 | 77.5 | 2.31±0.09 | 10.1±0.29 | 1.86±0.06 | 15 | 1.11±0.11 | 2.92± 0.06 | 380± 40 |
YH-SWD3 | 122.5 | 2.96±0.11 | 12.8±0.36 | 2.02±0.06 | 15 | 2.30±0.25 | 3.36±0.06 | 690±80 |
YH-Lo | 147.5 | 2.46±0.10 | 11.60±0.32 | 1.94±0.06 | 15 | 5.58±0.13 | 3.10±0.06 | 1800±60 |
YH-So | 197.5 | 2.30±0.09 | 11.8±0.33 | 2.07±0.06 | 18 | 9.79±0.62 | 3.17±0.06 | 3180±200 |
表2
伊河中游LMX剖面磁化率与粒度成分特征值表"
地层层位 | 磁化率Magnetic susceptibility | 粒级比例(%) Particle size | Md | Mz | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stratigraphy | (×10-8 m3/kg) | <2 μm | 2~16 μm | 16~63 μm | 63~125 μm | >125 μm | μm | μm |
表土底界MS-1 | 128.10 | 8.79 | 34.51 | 45.20 | 5.70 | 5.80 | 20.05 | 24.59 |
历史洪水SWD5 | 174.90 | 4.85 | 16.95 | 32.40 | 19.10 | 26.70 | 53.65 | 77.55 |
历史洪水SWD4 | 127.60 | 6.08 | 22.52 | 52.80 | 13.60 | 5.00 | 30.67 | 35.80 |
历史洪水SWD3 | 126.50 | 7.86 | 28.24 | 50.50 | 9.90 | 3.50 | 25.76 | 29.18 |
历史洪水SWD2 | 44.30 | 5.68 | 24.62 | 58.60 | 9.50 | 1.60 | 26.38 | 29.63 |
风成黄土L0 | 168.90 | 9.52 | 26.98 | 51.00 | 9.50 | 3.00 | 25.42 | 28.56 |
古洪水SWD1 | 138.80 | 8.81 | 38.29 | 48.70 | 2.80 | 1.40 | 17.18 | 18.86 |
古土壤S0 | 154.40 | 14.80 | 40.60 | 39.50 | 3.60 | 1.50 | 12.82 | 17.53 |
表3
伊河中游龙门峡剖面(LMX)全新世古洪水水文恢复计算成果表之一(尖灭点高程法)"
古洪水期次 | 洪峰水位高程(m) | 水面宽(m) | 总水深H(m) | 水面比降|S | 糙率系数n | 过水断面面积A(m2) | 湿周L(m) | 水力半径R(m) | 洪峰流量Q(m3/s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SWD5 | 158.55 | 235 | 10.55 | 0.004 | 0.035 | 2044.12 | 242.57 | 8.43 | 15300 |
SWD4 | 157.90 | 234 | 9.90 | 0.004 | 0.035 | 1897.37 | 240.67 | 7.88 | 13600 |
SWD3 | 157.80 | 234 | 9.80 | 0.004 | 0.035 | 1873.95 | 240.29 | 7.80 | 13300 |
SWD2 | 157.85 | 234 | 9.85 | 0.004 | 0.035 | 1885.66 | 240.51 | 7.84 | 13400 |
SWD1 | 157.40 | 233 | 9.40 | 0.004 | 0.035 | 1780.44 | 238.79 | 7.46 | 12300 |
表4
伊河中游龙门峡剖面(LMX)全新世古洪水水文恢复计算成果表之二(SWD厚度与含沙量关系法)"
古洪水期次 | 洪峰水位高程(m) | 水面宽(m) | 总水深H(m) | 水面比降S | 糙率系数n | 过水断面面积A(m²) | 湿周L(m) | 水力半径R(m) | 洪峰流量Q(m3/s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SWD5 | 158.65 | 236 | 10.65 | 0.004 | 0.035 | 2067.68 | 243.35 | 8.50 | 15500 |
SWD4 | 158.60 | 235 | 10.60 | 0.004 | 0.035 | 2055.89 | 242.84 | 8.47 | 15400 |
SWD3 | 158.50 | 235 | 10.50 | 0.004 | 0.035 | 2014.73 | 242.19 | 8.32 | 15000 |
SWD2 | 158.30 | 235 | 10.30 | 0.004 | 0.035 | 1944.23 | 241.76 | 8.04 | 14100 |
SWD1 | 158.80 | 238 | 10.80 | 0.004 | 0.035 | 2091.30 | 245.21 | 8.53 | 15800 |
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