地理学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 70 ›› Issue (6): 941-954.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201506008
收稿日期:
2014-04-03
修回日期:
2015-02-12
出版日期:
2015-06-20
发布日期:
2015-06-20
作者简介:
作者简介:刘望保(1975-), 男, 博士, 教授, 中国地理学会会员(S110007720M), 主要从事城市社会地理研究。E-mail:
基金资助:
Wangbao LIU1(), Xiaopei YAN2(
)
Received:
2014-04-03
Revised:
2015-02-12
Published:
2015-06-20
Online:
2015-06-20
Supported by:
摘要:
中国城镇住房分配从再分配体制向市场化为主的分配体制转变,深刻地影响政府、单位和市场在住房产权管理角色上的变化。利用广州市老八区的“五普”和“六普”数据,从住房产权结构变化、住房产权选择和住房产权空间形态等角度,分析政府、单位和市场在住房供应、分配和空间配置等住房产权管理中的角色变化。广州市2000年以来的住房产权结构变化反映了单位退出住房供应角色、政府保障房供应力度不够、市场成为最主要住房供应主体等特征。住房产权选择影响因素表明家庭与单位、政府之间的组织联系逐步弱化,与市场间的社会联系日益成为主导,家庭生命周期、家庭收入等体现家庭与市场间的市场联系变量成为城镇居民住房选择的最显著影响变量。住房产权空间形态重构表明,2000-2010年间,中心城区单位提供的体制内住房比重大幅度下降,并逐步被体制外住房所替代,政府提供的体制内住房则向郊区或近郊区形成集聚,导致体制内外住房空间布局出现一定“倒置”,住房来源过度市场化、住房供应主体变化和级差地租等因素是其重要形成原因。研究还显示,单位不再承担住房供应任务后,尽管政府在住房调控上起到重要作用,但未充分承担起住房供应任务,城镇居民住房来源“过度市场化”趋势。为此,政府应加大保障房建设力度,并在区位上力求分散、均衡和避免郊区化,以避免加重保障房社区居民居住空间和社会空间上的双重边缘化。随着城市住房市场化的深入发展,中国城市大规模的房地产开发和政府房地产调控政策的制订过程中,更应关注快速全球化、现代化和市场化背景下居民家庭结构、社会经济地位等体现家庭与市场间的社会联系的变量对居民住房选择偏好的影响。
刘望保, 闫小培. 2000-2010年广州市住房产权管理角色变化分析[J]. 地理学报, 2015, 70(6): 941-954.
Wangbao LIU, Xiaopei YAN. Role Changes in Housing Tenure Governance during 2000-2010 in Guangzhou[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(6): 941-954.
表1
广州市(老八区)住房产权结构变化
“五普”数据 | 合计 | 自建房 | 购买商品房 | 购买经济适用房 | 购买原公房 | 租赁公房 | 租赁商品房 | 其他房 | 住房自有率(%) | 按供应主体划分(%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
政府 | 单位 | 市场 | |||||||||||
广州市数量(户) | 227042 | 81127 | 20720 | 5909 | 51153 | 29305 | 26306 | 12522 | |||||
广州市比重(%) | 100 | 35.73 | 9.13 | 2.60 | 22.53 | 12.91 | 11.59 | 5.52 | 69.99 | 2.60 | 35.44 | 56.45 | |
老八区数量(户) | 149618 | 30382 | 11921 | 4272 | 46683 | 25637 | 21529 | 9194 | |||||
老八区比重(%) | 100 | 20.31 | 7.97 | 2.86 | 31.20 | 17.13 | 14.39 | 6.14 | 62.33 | 2.86 | 48.33 | 42.67 | |
全国(城镇)比重(%) | 100 | 35.71 | 8.92 | 5.96 | 23.51 | 14.42 | 6.13 | 5.36 | 74.10 | 5.96 | 37.93 | 50.76 | |
北京市比重(%) | 100 | 31.21 | 3.95 | 2.13 | 27.93 | 25.08 | 6.41 | 3.29 | 65.22 | 2.13 | 53.01 | 41.57 | |
上海市比重(%) | 100 | 26.63 | 9.87 | 3.95 | 22.10 | 26.61 | 5.63 | 5.22 | 62.55 | 3.95 | 48.71 | 42.13 | |
“六普”数据 | 合计 | 自建房 | 购买商品房 | 购买二手房 | 购买经济适用房 | 购买原公房 | 租赁廉租房 | 租赁其他房 | 其他房 | 住房自有率(%) | 政府 | 单位 | 市场 |
广州市数量(户) | 374615 | 82225 | 72894 | 14971 | 5063 | 37141 | 13492 | 133251 | 15578 | ||||
广州市比重(%) | 100 | 21.95 | 19.46 | 4.00 | 1.35 | 9.91 | 3.60 | 35.57 | 4.16 | 56.67 | 4.95 | 9.91 | 80.98 |
老八区数量(户) | 257242 | 28157 | 49279 | 11155 | 4417 | 34904 | 8627 | 107774 | 12929 | ||||
老八区比重(%) | 100 | 10.95 | 19.16 | 4.34 | 1.72 | 13.57 | 3.35 | 41.90 | 5.03 | 49.72 | 5.07 | 13.57 | 76.35 |
全国(城镇)比重(%) | 100 | 31.47 | 21.75 | 4.63 | 4.07 | 12.94 | 2.45 | 18.60 | 4.10 | 74.86 | 6.52 | 12.94 | 76.45 |
北京市比重(%) | 100 | 16.55 | 18.09 | 3.15 | 4.91 | 17.57 | 1.46 | 32.65 | 5.62 | 60.27 | 6.37 | 17.57 | 70.44 |
上海市比重(%) | 100 | 12.10 | 25.11 | 6.11 | 0.31 | 14.28 | 2.05 | 37.55 | 2.49 | 57.91 | 2.36 | 14.28 | 80.87 |
表2
2000年和2010年广州市住房产权比重与区域人口特征的相关性
指标 | “五普”(2000年) | “六普”(2010年) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
自建房住户比重(%) | 购买商品房住户比重(%) | 购买经济适用房住户比重(%) | 购买原公房住户比重(%) | 租用公房住户比重(%) | 租用商品房住户比重(%) | 自建房比重(%) | 购买商品房比重(%) | 购买二手房比重(%) | 购买经济适用房比重(%) | 购买原公有住房比重(%) | 租赁廉租住房比重(%) | 租赁其他住房比重(%) | |
一般性指标 | |||||||||||||
平均每户总人数(人) | 0.76** | -0.38** | -0.12 | -0.23* | -0.17 | -0.53** | 0.472*** | 0.07 | 0.19 | 0.09 | 0.352*** | -0.09 | -0.786*** |
户籍人口比重(%) | -0.09 | -0.46** | -0.37** | 0.44** | 0.72** | -0.57** | -0.05 | 0.19 | 0.411*** | -0.05 | 0.708*** | -0.2 | -0.757*** |
外来人口比重(%) | -0.12 | 0.50** | 0.39** | -0.44** | -0.49** | 0.73** | 0.04 | -0.18 | -0.404*** | 0.05 | -0.708*** | 0.19 | 0.755*** |
家庭结构指标 | |||||||||||||
一代户比重(%) | -0.22* | 0.37** | 0.21* | -0.33** | -0.18 | 0.82** | -0.06 | -0.359*** | -0.499*** | -0.13 | -0.628*** | 0.2 | 0.908*** |
二代户比重(%) | -0.09 | -0.12 | -0.12 | 0.59** | 0.45** | -0.59** | -0.11 | 0.526*** | 0.586*** | 0.18 | 0.610*** | -0.23 | -0.878*** |
三代户比重(%) | 0.13 | -0.35** | -0.22* | 0.34** | 0.52** | -0.64** | 0.321*** | -0.01 | 0.25 | 0.01 | 0.542*** | -0.1 | -0.774*** |
四代户比重(%) | 0.66** | -0.36** | -0.12 | -0.11 | -0.11 | -0.55** | 0.773*** | -0.22 | -0.253** | -0.06 | -0.15 | 0.08 | -0.331*** |
年龄结构指标 | |||||||||||||
0至14岁人口数比重(%) | 0.80** | -0.18 | -0.04 | -0.43** | -0.22* | -0.19* | 0.489*** | -0.287** | -0.402*** | 0.248** | -0.256* | 0.17 | 0 |
15至64岁人口数比重(%) | -0.36** | 0.28** | 0.15 | -0.08 | -0.28* | 0.47* | -0.256* | 0.251* | 0.519*** | -0.07 | 0.617*** | -0.12 | -0.575*** |
65岁以上人口数比重(%) | -0.18 | -0.29** | -0.22* | 0.45** | 0.76** | -0.48** | -0.23 | 0.22 | 0.520*** | -0.08 | 0.740*** | -0.14 | -0.659*** |
婚姻结构指标 | |||||||||||||
未婚人数占15岁以上人口比重(%) | 0.14 | 0.05 | 0.1 | -0.39** | -0.49** | 0.23* | 0.15 | -0.323*** | -0.440*** | 0.2 | -0.366*** | 0.16 | 0.425*** |
其它人数占15岁以上人口比重(%) | -0.1 | 0.06 | -0.03 | 0.33** | 0.30** | -0.15 | -0.11 | 0.346*** | 0.364*** | -0.21 | 0.22 | -0.16 | -0.312** |
文化程度结构指标 | |||||||||||||
未上学人口占6岁以上人口比重(%) | 0.36** | -0.09 | 0 | -0.32** | 0 | 0.07 | 0.533*** | -0.11 | -0.17 | -0.21 | -0.1 | 0.08 | -0.22 |
小学人口占6岁以上人口比重(%) | 0.86** | -0.25* | 0.01 | -0.59** | -0.21* | -0.09 | 0.578*** | -0.16 | -0.18 | -0.2 | -0.249* | 0.07 | -0.09 |
初中人口占6岁以上人口比重(%) | 0.61** | 0 | 0.17 | -0.81** | -0.49** | 0.44** | 0.492*** | -0.511*** | -0.524*** | -0.21 | -0.626*** | 0.25 | 0.569*** |
高中(中专)人口占6岁以上人口比重(%) | -0.65** | 0.05 | -0.07 | 0.60** | 0.74** | -0.16 | -0.269* | -0.05 | 0.283* | 0.02 | 0.285* | 0.11 | -0.09 |
大学专科人口占6岁以上人口比重(%) | -0.72** | 0.18 | -0.09 | 0.74** | 0.23* | -0.21* | -0.447*** | 0.369*** | 0.329*** | 0.17 | 0.350*** | -0.262* | -0.22 |
大学本科人口占6岁以上人口比重(%) | -0.48** | 0.06 | -0.06 | 0.50** | 0.06 | -0.18 | -0.379*** | 0.495*** | 0.325*** | 0.21 | 0.427*** | -0.243* | -0.437*** |
研究生人口占6岁以上人口比重(%) | -0.35** | 0.08 | -0.06 | 0.36** | -0.03 | -0.15 | -0.324*** | 0.355*** | 0.213* | 0.22 | 0.400*** | -0.214* | -0.350*** |
职业结构指标 | |||||||||||||
国家机关人员比重(%) | -0.59** | 0.13 | -0.19 | 0.70** | 0.40** | -0.35** | -0.302** | 0.304** | 0.15 | 0.23 | 0.12 | 0.03 | -0.2 |
专业技术人员比重(%) | -0.66** | 0.08 | -0.13 | 0.82** | 0.32** | -0.35** | -0.467*** | 0.555*** | 0.542*** | 0.18 | 0.647*** | -0.269** | -0.641*** |
办事人员比重(%) | -0.74** | 0.1 | -0.08 | 0.75** | 0.45** | -0.18 | -0.426*** | 0.426*** | 0.576*** | 0.02 | 0.712*** | -0.303** | -0.582*** |
商业服务业人员比重(%) | -0.66** | 0.17 | 0.06 | 0.31** | 0.53** | 0.39** | -0.412*** | 0.15 | 0.331*** | -0.06 | 0.217* | -0.10 | 0.00 |
农林牧渔业人员比重(%) | 0.94** | -0.27* | -0.06 | -0.58** | -0.44** | -0.23* | 0.843*** | -0.296** | -0.339*** | -0.13 | -0.297** | 0.02 | -0.15 |
生产运输设备人员比重(%) | 0.40** | 0.02 | 0.18 | -0.65** | -0.43** | 0.35** | 0.376*** | -0.460*** | -0.562*** | -0.06 | -0.575*** | 0.261** | 0.590*** |
就业结构指标 | |||||||||||||
未参加工作人数比重(%) | -0.58** | -0.12 | -0.06 | 0.63** | 0.67** | -0.24* | -0.06 | 0.100 | 0.292** | -0.09 | 0.400*** | 0.01 | -0.429*** |
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