广州轨道交通枢纽零售业的特征聚类及时空演变

doi:10.11821/dlxb201506003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

轨道交通开发与城市商业空间演变的关系是城市交通和商业地理研究领域中的一个热点问题。以广州市轨道交通投入运营的14个换乘枢纽为研究对象,在对换乘枢纽区位信息和零售商业集聚特征指标提取和计算的基础上,分析换乘枢纽零售商业空间的类型、时空演变的过程及形态特征,探讨城市交通与零售业发展对轨道交通枢纽站点商业空间形成的影响。结果表明：① 广州轨道交通换乘枢纽商业空间可划分为4个类型：门户型商业中心;区域型商业中心;枢纽型商业中心和社区型商业中心。② 换乘枢纽商业空间的演变经历点状、面状和放射状结构三个阶段的发展,轨道交通网络的空间演化与城市新旧商业中心的动态发展之间具有一定的耦合性。在城市轨道交通发展初期,地铁在促进门户型商业中心的繁荣方面表现突出。当轨道交通体系形成后,轨道交通的作用由中心城区逐渐向边缘城区和外围新建城区拓展,在具有较高消费能力的区域建成新的商业中心并形成消费引导,对区域型商业中心、枢纽型商业中心和社区型商业中心等地铁商业空间的形成起到重要的促进作用。③ 受交通（规划与建设）、商业（配套与环境）两方面因素的共同作用,换乘枢纽商业空间集聚在微观形态上的演变路径可分为商业导向和交通导向两种关系类型,不同类型的枢纽商业空间在交通与商业均衡发展的程度上存在分异。④ 轨道交通与零售商业互动发展对换乘枢纽商业空间的影响主要体现在4个方面：强化门户型商业中心的核心竞争力;提升区域型商业中心的服务等级和作用;抑制枢纽型商业中心的多业态组合经营;推进社区型商业中心的形成和发展。

关键词: 轨道交通换乘枢纽, 零售商业, 特征聚类, 时空演变, 广州

Abstract:

The relationship between urban rail transit development and commercial space evolution is a hot issue in the studies of urban transportation and business geography. The paper aims to provide insights into the macro and micro characteristics and spatio-temporal evolution of retail business at transfer hubs of Guangzhou Metro. The R cluster analysis is used to classify the 14 transfer hubs of the Guangzhou urban rail transit system into different types based on connectivity and surrounding business. The spatio-temporal evolution process and morphological features of retail business space at transfer hubs are examined as well. Furthermore, the influence of interaction between the transportation and commerce on business space at transfer hubs is explored. According to the research, four highlights are unveiled: (1) The business space at transfer hubs of Guangzhou Metro can be classified into four types, namely Gateway, Regional, Hub and Community centers. (2) At the macro-level, the evolution of business space at the transfer hubs experienced three phases: the point clusters (during 1997-2003), surface clusters (during 2004-2008), and radial clusters (during 2009-2012) in the past 16 years. There exists a coupling effect between the spatial expansion of the rail transit network and the growth of business centers from the inner cities to the suburbs. At the initial stage of urban rail transit, the metro system played an important role in boosting the prosperity of Gateway business centers. Later on, the function of rail transportation gradually radiated from downtown to suburban areas. In this radiation process, the metro system has accelerated the development of business construction at the areas with high consumption capacities and also formation of other metro business spaces such as Regional, Hub and Community business centers. (3) At the micro-level, business space at the transfer hubs can be divided into business-oriented and transit-oriented. (4) The influence of interaction between the transportation and commerce on business space at transfer hubs mainly goes as the following four aspects: strengthening the core competitiveness of the Gateway business centers, improving the service levels and functions of the Regional business centers, confining the multi-form operation of the Hub business centers and promoting the formation and development of the Community business centers.

Key words: transfer hub of rail transit, retail business, clustering, spatio-temporal evolution, Guangzhou city

陈蔚珊, 柳林, 梁育填. 广州轨道交通枢纽零售业的特征聚类及时空演变[J]. 地理学报, 2015, 70(6): 879-892.

Weishan CHEN, Lin LIU, Yutian LIANG. Characterizing the spatio-temporal evolution of retail business at transfer hubs of Guangzhou Metro[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(6): 879-892.

图/表 10

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表2

轨道交通换乘站点特征及站点零售商业组织对比

换乘节点零售商业组织类型划分	代表站点	站点特征	商业业态空间的定位和等级	站点周边零售商业物业、商业街（大型零售网点）
门户型商业中心	公园前站	位于城市中心繁华的商业区内;公共交通方式换乘便利,站点日均换乘客流量巨大	形成具有文化特色吸引的市级商业中心	华联购物中心、五月花商业广场、新大新公司、大马站商业中心、北京路商业步行街（风尚广百、广百百货）、名盛广场（天河城百货）、光明广场、动漫星城
门户型商业中心	体育西站	位于城市中心繁华的商业区内;公共交通方式换乘便利,站点日均换乘客流量巨大	形成引领城市商业时尚的市级商业中心	维多利广场（新大新、国美电器）、购书中心（新华书店）、广百百货、天河城购物中心（吉之岛超市、天河城百货）、正佳广场购物中心（友谊商店、正佳百货、百佳TASTE超市）、体育西路商业街、天河又一城、直通车商业广场、时尚天河商业广场
区域型商业中心	珠江新城站	城市新建中央商务区的交通枢纽	形成高端零售品牌集聚的区域级商业中心	广州友谊商店、高德置地广场（吉之岛超市、GBF风尚广百、苏宁电器）
区域型商业中心	客村站	与多路公交线路衔接,具有日均换乘客流量较大、站点周边人口密度较高等特点	形成服务站点周边居民阶段性购物的区域级商业中心	丽影商业广场（好又多超市、国美电器）
枢纽型商业中心	广州火车站	与大型对外交通枢纽衔接的轨道交通枢纽	形成批发与零售兼营的专业性商贸中心	白马商贸大厦、流花皮草时装商场、新星服装商厦、明珠外贸服装城、壹马服装城
枢纽型商业中心	广州东站	与大型对外交通枢纽衔接的轨道交通枢纽	形成具有商务特色的区域级商业中心	东方宝泰购物广场（吉之岛）、宜家家居
社区型商业中心	车陂南站、万胜围站	位于城市中心城区边缘地带或新建城区,具有承接市内某方向的交通转换功能	形成满足站点周边居民日常购物需要的社区级商业中心	/

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换乘站点	站点区位条件					商业集聚程度
换乘站点	投入使用时间(年)	换乘节点形成时间(年)	接驳公交线路(条)	出口通道(个)	2012年站点客运流量(人)	站口商业集聚类型(类)	零售商业物业(商业街)(个)	零售业态种类(种)	大型零售主力店(间)
西朗站	16	3	25	4	35814	1	0	1	0
广州东站	14	8	54	9	121533	3	2	6	2
公园前站	14	11	66	12	394056	4	10	8	7
体育西路	14	8	62	9	307416	5	6	9	7
杨箕站	14	4	26	5	174561	1	1	3	0
广州火车站	11	4	60	11	155972	2	0	5	0
客村站	10	8	30	4	267416	1	2	5	2
珠江新城	8	4	12	4	156612	3	2	7	3
林和西站	8	3	41	3	54175	2	3	4	1
赤岗塔站	8	3	10	2	30680	1	0	1	0
万胜围站	8	8	9	4	85550	1	0	2	0
车陂南站	4	4	29	3	91114	1	0	2	0
昌岗站	3	3	41	7	137820	3	4	6	8
嘉禾望岗	3	3	21	3	72258	1	0	2	0