南京城市内部景点间游客流动特征分析

doi:10.11821/dlxb201412011

地理学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 69 ›› Issue (12): 1858-1870.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201412011

南京城市内部景点间游客流动特征分析

靳诚^1,², 徐菁^1,², 黄震方^1,², 曹芳东^1,²

1. 南京师范大学地理科学学院, 南京 210023
2. 江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心, 南京 210023

收稿日期:2013-11-25 修回日期:2014-06-22 出版日期:2014-12-25 发布日期:2014-12-25
作者简介:
作者简介：靳诚 (1984-), 男, 江苏泗洪人, 副教授, 博士, 中国地理学会会员 (S110009053M), 研究方向为区域旅游发展。E-mail: jincheng2431@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目 (41101107);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金项目 (20113207120015);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目

Analyzing the characteristics of tourist flows between the scenic spots in inner city based on tourism strategies: A case study in Nanjing

Cheng JIN^1,², Jing XU^1,², Zhenfang HUANG^1,², Fangdong CAO^1,²

1. School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
2. Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China

Received:2013-11-25 Revised:2014-06-22 Published:2014-12-25 Online:2014-12-25
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41101107;Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China, No.20113207120015;A Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以南京市为例,通过对旅游攻略的数据挖掘,构建景点间游客流动的关系矩阵,对流动格局、机制和模式进行了系统地分析,研究表明：① 景点具有明显的层级性,市级中心景点在流动网络中处于核心地位;中山陵为扩散型景点,而新街口、夫子庙为集聚型景点,其他大部分景点为平衡型景点。② 距离对景点间流动起着重要影响,流量距离衰减特征明显;市级中心景点流动涉及面较广,对整体流动具有较强的支配作用。③ 景点间流动是景点流入度、流出度和景点间距离共同作用的结果,其流动符合基于幂函数的威尔逊流动模型,且游客在城市内部景点间流动对距离的敏感度相对城市间、城市内部居民日常流动较低。④ 南京景点可划分为3个系统：中山陵景点系统、夫子庙景点系统和中心城区景点系统,并抽象出3种结构类型：单中心扩散结构、单中心集聚结构和多中心平衡结构;在流动模式上,主要流动多存在于主要节点之间,次要流动多存在于主要节点和次要节点之间以及次要节点之间,一般流动多存在于次要节点和一般节点之间以及一般节点之间。

关键词: 旅游景点, 流动网络, 旅游攻略, 城市内部, 南京市

Abstract:

Taking Nanjing as a case study, this paper calculates a matrix to describe the flows between scenic spots using data mining of tourism strategies and then systematically analyzes the structures, mechanisms and patterns of the flows. This study has drawn the following conclusions: (1) All the scenic spots form a hierarchy of several levels and the central ones are positioned as a core node on the flow network. Based on the quantity of inflows and outflows, Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum is classified as a diffusion-type spot, Confucius Temple as a clustering-type one and Xinjiekou as a balance-type one. (2) The tourist flows have demonstrated a clear effect of distance decay. The scenic spots in inner city play a dominant role in influencing the overall flow. (3) The pattern of the flows is determined by the interactions between the intensities of inflows, outflows and the origin-destination distance. These flows follow the Wilson model represented as a power function. Compared with the inter-city and intra-city daily flows, the tourist flows between the inner city scenic spots are less sensitive to distance. (4) The primary scenic spots in Nanjing, encompassing the three systems (Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum system, Confucius Temple system and central business district system), can be abstracted into three models: diffusion from a single center, clustering to a single center and balancing between multiple centers. The flow pattern is characterized by the primary flows between core nodes, secondary flows between the core and minor nodes and between the minor nodes, and the tertiary flows between the minor and normal moves and between the normal nodes.

Key words: scenic spot, flow network, tourism strategy, inner city, Nanjing

靳诚, 徐菁, 黄震方, 曹芳东. 南京城市内部景点间游客流动特征分析[J]. 地理学报, 2014, 69(12): 1858-1870.

Cheng JIN, Jing XU, Zhenfang HUANG, Fangdong CAO. Analyzing the characteristics of tourist flows between the scenic spots in inner city based on tourism strategies: A case study in Nanjing[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014, 69(12): 1858-1870.

图/表 14

图1

表1

评价指标

指标	具体指标	计算公式	结果含义
网络中景点评价相关指标	流入度	$C ini = ∑ j = 1 n l ji$ (1)	结果数值越大,景点的流入度、流出度和中心度越强,在网络中的地位越高。
	流出度	$C outi = ∑ j = 1 n l ij$ (2)
	中心度	$C i = C outi + C ini$ (3)
	扩散指数	$S i = (C outi - C ini) / C i × 100 %$ (4)	评价景点扩散集聚的强弱,结果数值越大,扩散功能越强。
整体网络评价相关指标	网络密度	$D = E / n (n - 1)$ (5)	数值介于0~1之间,结果数值越大,网络密度越高。
	中心势	$C D = 2 ∑ i = 1 n max (C i) - C i / (n 2 - 3 n + 2)$ (6)	数值介于0~1之间,结果数值越大,中心势越强,分布越不均衡。
	平均流量	$l ? = ∑ i = 1 n ∑ j = 1 n l ij / E$ (7)	结果数值越大,该网络平均流动强度越大。
	流量占比	$r = ∑ i = 1 n ∑ j = 1 n l ij / ∑ i = 1 m ∑ j = 1 m l ij × 100 % n ? m$ (8)	度量各子网络的重要性,结果数值越大,子网络越重要。
景点作用加权平均距离	流出加权平均距离	$D outi = ∑ j = 1 n l ij d ij / ∑ j = 1 n l ij$ (9)	加权平均距离反映了该景点流出和流入的平均作用距离,结果数值越大,作用距离越远。
景点作用加权平均距离	流入加权平均距离	$D ini = ∑ j = 1 n l ji d ij / ∑ j = 1 n l ji$ (10)	加权平均距离反映了该景点流出和流入的平均作用距离,结果数值越大,作用距离越远。

表1

图2

表2

表3

图3

表4

图4

表5

图5

表6

表7

回归结果比较

类型	回归方程	R²
幂函数	$T ij = 7.12 × 10 - 4 × C outi C inj / d ij 0.635$	0.652
指数函数	$T ij = 7.09 × 10 - 4 × C outi C inj / e - 0.143 d ij$	0.378

表7

图6

图7

参考文献 21

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中心度	层级	目录
>900	市级中心景点	夫子庙、中山陵、玄武湖、总统府
600~900	市级副中心景点	明孝陵、雨花台、鼓楼
300~600	区域级中心景点	中华门、南京大学、鸡鸣寺、湖南路
100~300	区域级副中心景点	大屠杀纪念馆、新街口、瞻园、台城、灵谷寺、长江大桥、莫愁湖、紫金山天文台
<100	一般性景点	朝天宫、梅园新村、美龄宫、阅江楼、南京博物院、1912、白鹭洲、九华山、明故宫、中山植物园、情侣园、石头城、清凉山、梅花山、燕子矶、海底世界、先锋书店、南京师范大学、东南大学、甘熙故居、云锦博物馆、奥体中心、半山园、静海寺、渡江胜利纪念碑、古林公园

流量阀值	节点数	路径数	网络密度	中心势	平均流量	流量占比
l_ij ≥ 1	45	590	0.298	0.365	8.81	100%
l_ij ≥ 5	30	194	0.223	0.462	23.24	86.80%
l_ij ≥ 10	26	115	0.177	0.459	34.64	76.69%
l_ij ≥ 20	18	62	0.203	0.368	52.48	62.64%
l_ij ≥ 50	8	18	0.321	0.429	99.94	34.63%
l_ij ≥ 100	6	7	0.233	0.400	148.57	20.02%

距离 (km)	节点数	路径数	网络密度	中心势	平均流量	流量占比
全部距离	30	194	0.223	0.462	23.24	100%
(0, 3]	29	87	0.107	0.173	27.18	52.45%
(3, 6]	23	46	0.100	0.324	22.41	22.87%
(6, 9]	17	36	0.132	0.169	18.94	15.12%
>9	14	25	0.137	0.468	17.24	9.56%

景点类型	夫子庙		中山陵		总统府		玄武湖
景点类型	流出	流入	流出	流入	流出	流入	流出	流入
连接节点	16	22	16	14	18	15	16	13
流量占比 (%)	11.29	23.86	17.65	7.96	11.60	9.67	12.42	8.87
平均流量	31.81	43.59	49.75	25.64	29.06	29.07	35	30.77
加权距离（km）	3.75	4.58	5.95	6.80	3.58	3.94	3.57	4.82

南京城市内部景点间游客流动特征分析

Analyzing the characteristics of tourist flows between the scenic spots in inner city based on tourism strategies: A case study in Nanjing

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参考文献 21

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类型	扩散型	平衡型	集聚型
S_i	>20%	[-20%, 20%]	<-20%
景点	中山陵	玄武湖、鸡鸣寺、总统府、南京大学、莫愁湖、雨花台、中华门、大屠杀纪念馆、鼓楼、长江大桥、明孝陵、灵谷寺、瞻园、紫金山天文台、湖南路	新街口、夫子庙

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