基于空间与区域视角的生态系统服务地理学框架

doi:10.11821/dlxb201411004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生态系统服务研究现已成为国内外的研究热点。回顾生态系统服务研究的历程可以发现,研究范式正在从自然科学研究范式向自然科学与社会科学综合研究范式转向。生态系统服务研究更加重视时空异质性、更加关注流动性与区域效应,更加强调生态系统服务对人类福祉的作用。在生态系统结构、过程与功能─服务─人类收益与福祉级联框架中,地理学的主要分支都可以找到自身的研究议题。在此过程中,逐渐建构起来的生态系统服务地理学,不仅可以为生态系统服务研究提供学科支撑,同时可以丰富和拓展地理学的研究内容。本文在评述生态系统服务研究历程和发展趋势的基础上,分析了地理学参与生态系统服务研究的逻辑必然性以及面临的机遇与挑战。为了推进生态系统服务研究的“地理化”转向,我们提议发展生态系统服务地理学,并初步描绘了生态系统服务地理学的学科框架,包括定义、研究范畴、研究内容及主要研究议题等。

关键词: 生态系统服务地理学, 空间与区域视角, 研究范式

Abstract:

The research on ecosystem services has become a hotspot in ecology, geography and other related disciplines at home and abroad. Through reviewing the history of ecosystem service study, it can be found that the research has been gradually transformed from rational paradigm to regional paradigm, and from natural science paradigm to integrated paradigm between natural science and social science. It was characterized by increasing attention to spatiotemporal heterogeneity, spatial flow ability and regional features, and links between ecosystem services and human welfare. Almost all the subdisciplines of geography can find their own research themes in the cascade framework of ecosystem structure and function-service-human benefits and welfare. Due to more participation in the study area of ecosystem services, the geography of ecosystem services which is being constructed as a new branch of geography, not only plays a more important role in the research of ecosystem services, but also can extend the study scope of geography. Based on reviewing the historical process and development trend of the ecosystem service research, the logical necessity, opportunities and challenges of geography in ecosystem services research were analyzed in this paper. To promote the transform of ecosystem service research into geographical context, we proposed that the geography of ecosystem service should be established and well defined as an independent branch of geography. Moreover, a preliminary framework of geography of ecosystem service was described, including the definition, research scope and contents, and the subject position in geography.

Key words: ecosystem services geography, spatial and regional perspective, research paradigm

李双成, 王珏, 朱文博, 张津, 刘娅, 高阳, 王阳, 李琰. 基于空间与区域视角的生态系统服务地理学框架[J]. 地理学报, 2014, 69(11): 1628-1639.

Shuangcheng LI, Jue WANG, Wenbo ZHU, Jin ZHANG, Ya LIU, Yang GAO, Yang WANG, Yan LI. Research framework of ecosystem services geography from spatial and regional perspectives[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014, 69(11): 1628-1639.

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工具	模型类型	可获得性	适宜的空间尺度	时间尺度	利益相关者的引入
InVEST	生产功能	公开	景观到流域	160-260h	可选
ARIES	价值转移	公开	景观到流域	200-300h	可选
ESValue	人类偏好	私有	站点级到景观	200h	需要
EcoAIM	人类偏好	公开	站点级到景观	每个变量25h	需要
EcoMetrix	价值转移	私有	站点级	1h/acre	否
NAIS	价值转移	私有	站点级到流域	N/A	可选
SolvES	人类偏好	公开	景观	N/A	需要

主题域	主导议题的优势学科	地理学科的作用
生态系统结构与功能	生态学、地理学 (自然地理学)、遥感和地理信息系统等自然科学分支	提供分析影响生态系统结构与功能的地理环境的理论、技术和方法通过LUCC等研究与生态系统服务时空动态联系起来通过生态系统功能与服务分区或区域划分参与研究过程
生态系统服务	地理学 (自然地理学和人文地理学)、生态学、遥感和地理信息系统、经济学等自然-社会科学分支	建立具有地理特征的生态系统服务分类方案进行生态系统服务时空动态制图分析生态系统服务的形成机制及服务之间的相互关系应用GIS模拟与展示服务供需格局与传输路径进行生态系统服务区域划分
生态系统服务消费	地理学 (人文地理学)、遥感和地理信息系统、经济学、心理学和行为学等社会-自然科学分支	建立生态系统服务与区域人类福祉的耦合关系明晰消费偏好对生态系统服务的影响程度剖析影响群体和个体对于生态系统服务感知的因素分析生态系统服务的区域溢出效应及消费的时空优化
生态付费或生态系统服务管治	经济学、社会学、管理学、地理学 (人文地理学) 等社会科学分支和遥感及地理信息系统	提出空间或区域差异化的生态付费或补偿方案根据区域社会、经济和文化因素提出生态系统服务管治的对策