1990年以来中国小麦农业气象灾害时空变化特征

doi:10.11821/dlxb201311001

地理学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 68 ›› Issue (11): 1453-1460.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201311001

1990年以来中国小麦农业气象灾害时空变化特征

张朝¹, 王品¹, 陈一¹, 张帅², 陶福禄², 刘晓菲¹

1. 北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室/减灾与应急管理研究院, 北京100875;
2. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京100101

收稿日期:2013-02-25 修回日期:2013-07-10 出版日期:2013-11-20 发布日期:2013-11-20
通讯作者: 陶福禄，研究员，中国地理学会会员（S110008518M），方向为农作物模型和全球变化与区域农业生产。E-mail：taofl@igsnrr.ac.cn
作者简介:张朝，副教授，研究方向为全球变化、气象灾害和粮食安全。E-mail：zhangzhao@bnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（41071030）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金；国家重大科学研究计划（2012CB955404）

Spatio-temporal changes of agrometrorological disasters for wheat production across China since 1990

ZHANG Zhao¹, WANG Pin¹, CHEN Yi¹, ZHANG Shuai², TAO Fulu², LIU Xiaofei¹

1. Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management/State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Process and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
2. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China

Received:2013-02-25 Revised:2013-07-10 Online:2013-11-20 Published:2013-11-20
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41001057; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; The National Basic Research Program of China, No.2012CB955404

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用1991-2009 年中国农业气象站点记录的灾害及物候资料，首先对小麦各类气象灾害发生的频次及所在生长发育期进行了时空特征分析；然后通过对比较暖10 年（2000-2009）与其前10（1990-1999）年两个时期的灾害时空变化特点，探讨气候变化对灾害发生的影响。结果表明：干旱是小麦发生频率最高的灾害类型，其发生频率高达79.21%，冰雹、干热风、大风、连阴雨等灾害类型也在小麦生产过程中有较多发生。气候变化背景下，小麦典型气象灾害发生频次有所增加，并且主要发生在生殖生长期。空间上，灾害类型增加较为明显的有：山东半岛的干热风、西北地区东部的干旱、暴雨及冰雹。分析表明：不同灾害种类的发生及变化的空间分布与中国气候变化特征有很强的关系。

关键词: 干旱, 高温热害, 农业气象灾害, 小麦, 气候变化

Abstract: Agro-meteorological disasters (AMDs) are increasingly of concerns due to their critical stresses on crop production. In this study, firstly the temporal and spatial changes in the occurrence frequency of major AMDs on wheat production were investigated using the observed records at national agro-meteorological stations of China from 1990 to 2009. Then the impacts of climate change on AMDs were investigated by comparing the spatiotemporal pattern of AMDs in the warmer decade (2000-2009) with that in the other decade (1991-2000). We found that drought was the most frequent disaster during the last two decades, accounting for 79% of total disasters. The frequency of wheat disasters increased significantly in the warmer decade. The major disasters occurred more frequently during reproductive growth period than during vegetative growth period. The spatial changes in the frequency of main disasters were region-specific. For example, the wheat cultivation areas in the Loess Plateau and the middle-lower reaches of Yellow River suffered mainly from drought. These changes in AMDs during the last two decades were closely related to changes in climate extremes. Effective adaptation options should be developed timely to reduce crop loss based on the new characteristic of AMDs under global warming.

Key words: agrometrorological disasters, drought, wheat, climate change

张朝, 王品, 陈一, 张帅, 陶福禄, 刘晓菲. 1990年以来中国小麦农业气象灾害时空变化特征[J]. 地理学报, 2013, 68(11): 1453-1460.

ZHANG Zhao, WANG Pin, CHEN Yi, ZHANG Shuai, TAO Fulu, LIU Xiaofei. Spatio-temporal changes of agrometrorological disasters for wheat production across China since 1990[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2013, 68(11): 1453-1460.

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1990年以来中国小麦农业气象灾害时空变化特征

Spatio-temporal changes of agrometrorological disasters for wheat production across China since 1990

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