关键词: 张家界, 生态旅游, 环境演变, 动态阈值模型

Abstract:

Zhangjiajie was the first National Forest Park in China. It is also a National Key Scenic Zone, a National Geological Park,and a World Natural Heritage site. With the development of Zhangjiajie's tourist industry, the ecological environment quality of scenic zones began to deteriorate yearly. And this attracted the attention of the World Heritage Spot Committee of UNESCO. The main ecological environmental problems in Zhangjiajie core scenic spots are: The water quality in Jinbian Stream has evidently been deteriorated.. Having done some field monitoring and overall analysis of the trend of environment in Zhangjiajie, we found that the influence of accommodting facilities on the environment is greater than that of the other amusement facilities. So the major influential factor of Zhangjiajie tourist ecological environment is the influence of accommodating facilities on environment. The great changes in the variation of the water quality monitoring value in scenic spots have taken place. That means the water body is the most fragile environmental factor in the ecological environment of the scenic spots. Due to the increasing number of tourists year after year, the deteriorative trend of ecological environment has appeared. As we know from the following analysis: (1) The renovation of the scenic spots environment often fail to focus on the accommodating facilities even though they are not located within the scenic spot, yet still in the upstream area. (2) The fragile ecological environment factor---the changeable curvies of water body environment quality are similar with the increasing curves of the accommodated tourists. The former is left far behind the latter. (3) The sympton of the water deterioration can be seen from the fact that blue algae, and green algea, the phosphate has surpassed the standard. They are the causes of the deterioration of the water quality in the scenic spots. (4) The scope of accommodating facilities in the upstream area has surpassed its ecological threshold, and the excessive use of phosphate in detergents has led to the total phosphate's surpassing the standard. (5) Because of the different number of residents and services, different seasons, areas, so different drainage processing methods should be used. A threshold model for the most fragile environment factor is built into this paper. From the calculation we recommend that: On condition of no surpassing the set water standard in Zhangjiajie---the most fragile environment factor, that is the total phosphate content ≤0.02 ---the ecological threshold of the tourist environment in the upstream of scenic spots. The number of tourists be as follows: n Spring 1186 beds, Summer 3057 beds, Autumn 545, Winter 333.. Different types of scenic zones, the fragile ecological environment factors are different from each other. We follow the same process as this paper recommends,we can calculate the threshold of other scenic zones in the country.

Key words: ecotourism, environment tendency, dynamic threshold model, Zhangjiajie