梯田建设和淤地坝淤积对土壤侵蚀影响的定量分析

doi:10.11821/xb201205003

地理学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 67 ›› Issue (5): 599-608.doi: 10.11821/xb201205003

梯田建设和淤地坝淤积对土壤侵蚀影响的定量分析

高海东¹, 李占斌^1,2, 李鹏², 贾莲莲³, 张翔²

1. 中国科学院、水利部水土保持研究所, 杨凌712100;
2. 西安理工大学西北水资源与环境生态教育部重点实验室, 西安710048;
3. 水利部黄河水利委员会黄河上中游管理局, 西安710021

收稿日期:2011-11-13 修回日期:2012-02-21 出版日期:2012-05-20 发布日期:2012-05-20
通讯作者: 李占斌, 男, 河南镇平人, 研究员, 博士生导师, 研究方向为土壤侵蚀与水土保持。E-mail: zbli@ms.iswc.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展计划(973 计划) 项目(2011CB403302); 国家自然科学基金项目(40971161;41071182)

Influences of Terrace Construction and Check Dam Silting-up on Soil Erosion

GAO Haidong¹, LI Zhanbin^1,2, LI Peng², JIA Lianlian³, ZHANG Xiang²

1. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
2. Key Lab of Northwest Water Resources and Environment Ecology of Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China;
3. Upper and Middle Yellow River Bureau, Yellow River Conservancy Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources, Xi'an 710021, China

Received:2011-11-13 Revised:2012-02-21 Online:2012-05-20 Published:2012-05-20
Supported by:
National Key Basic Research Program of China (973 Program), No.2011CB403302; National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40971161; No.41071182

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了研究梯田建设和淤地坝淤积对流域土壤侵蚀的影响,本文首先建立了包含梯田、坡耕地、陡坡草地以及坝地在内的黄土高原丘陵沟壑区流域简化模型,并定义了流域的先锋期、过渡期以及顶级期三个状态,使用修正通用土壤流失方程(RUSLE) 分析了不同时期的流域土壤侵蚀模数。结果显示:先锋期与顶级期是流域水土保持治理的极限状态,先锋期峁边线上部土壤侵蚀模数为299.56 t×hm^-2×a^-1,下部土壤侵蚀模数为136.64 t×hm^-2×a^-1,平均侵蚀模数为229.74 t×hm^-2×a^-1;顶级期峁边线上部土壤侵蚀模数为39.10 t×hm^-2×a^-1,下部土壤侵蚀模数为1.10 t×hm^-2×a^-1,平均侵蚀模数为22.81 t×hm^-2×a^-1;在过渡期,随着梯田面积比例的增加,峁边线上部土壤侵蚀模数呈指数减少,而随着淤积高度的增加,峁边线下部土壤侵蚀模数呈线性减少,文章最后对这一结论进行了实证分析。

关键词: 水土保持, 黄土高原, 修正通用土壤流失方程, 演替

Abstract: To research the terrace construction and check dam silting-up soil erosion effects, this paper firstly established a generalized model consisting of terrace, slope land, steep slope grassland, and check dam land in hilly and gully region of Loess Plateau, defined the pioneer phase, transitional phase and climax phase. Then it used the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) to analyze soil erosion modulus in different periods. The results showed that pioneer phase and climax phase are the limit state of soil and water conservation. In pioneer phase, soil erosion modulus is 299.56 t×hm^-2×a^-1 and 136.64 t×hm^-2×a^-1 in the upper and lower parts of demarcation of hill and gully slope, respectively, and the average erosion modulus is 229.74 t×hm^-2×a^-1. In climax phase, soil erosion modulus is 39. 10 t×hm^-2×a^-1 and 1.10 t×hm^-2×a^-1 in the upper and lower parts, and the average erosion modulus is 22.81 t×hm^-2×a^-1. In the transitional phase, with the increase of the ratio of the terrace, soil erosion modulus index is reduced at upper Mao sideline; with the increase of the sedimentation of the height, soil erosion modulus shows a linear decrease at lower Mao sideline.

Key words: soil and water conservation, Loess Plateau, RUSLE, succession

高海东, 李占斌, 李鹏, 贾莲莲, 张翔. 梯田建设和淤地坝淤积对土壤侵蚀影响的定量分析[J]. 地理学报, 2012, 67(5): 599-608.

GAO Haidong, LI Zhanbin, LI Peng, JIA Lianlian, ZHANG Xiang. Influences of Terrace Construction and Check Dam Silting-up on Soil Erosion[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012, 67(5): 599-608.

参考文献

[1] Tang Keli. Soil and Water Conservation in China. Beijing: Science Press, 2004: 387-573. [唐克丽. 中国水土保持. 北京: 科学出版社, 2004: 387-573.]
[2] Wu Faqi, Zhang Yubin, Song Juanli et al. Current state and development trend of research on environmental effect oflevel terrace. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2003, 17(5): 28-31. [吴发启, 张玉斌, 宋娟丽等. 水平梯田环境效应的研究现状及其发展趋势. 水土保持学报, 2003, 17(5): 28-31.]
[3] Jiao Juying, Wang Wanzhong, Li Jing. Analysis on soil and water conservation benefit of level terrace under differentrainfall condition in loess hilly region. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 1999, 5(3): 59-63. [焦菊英, 王万忠, 李靖. 黄土丘陵区不同降雨条件下水平梯田的减水减沙效益分析. 水土保持学报, 1999, 5(3): 59-63.]
[4] Wu Faqi, Zhang Yubin, Wang Jian. Study on the benefits of level terrace on soil and water conservation. Science ofSoil and Water Conservation, 2004, 2(1): 34-37. [吴发启, 张玉斌, 王健. 黄土高原水平梯田的蓄水保土效益分析. 中国水土保持科学, 2004, 2(1): 34-37.]
[5] Kang Lingling, Bao Hongzhe. Analysis and confirm of the indexes of water storage and sediment trapping on theterrace of different type regions at the Loess Plateau. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2005, 3(2): 51-56. [康玲玲, 鲍宏喆. 黄土高原不同类型区梯田蓄水拦沙指标的分析与确定. 中国水土保持科学, 2005, 3(2): 51-56.]
[6] Ran Dachuan, Luo Quanhua, Liu Bin et al. Effect of soil-retaining dams on flood and sediment reduction in middlereaches of Yellow River. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2004, 5(5): 7-13. [冉大川, 罗全华, 刘斌等. 黄河中游地区淤地坝减洪减沙及减蚀作用研究. 水利学报, 2004, 5(5): 7-13.]
[7] Jiao Juyin, Wang Wanzhong, Li Jing et al. Silting land and sediment blocking benefit of check dam in hilly and gullyregion on the Loess Plateau. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2003, 19(6): 302-306. [焦菊英, 王万忠, 李靖等. 黄土高原丘陵沟壑区淤地坝的淤地拦沙效益分析. 农业工程学报, 2003, 19(6): 302-306.]
[8] Sun Ruyong, Li Bo, Zhuge Yang et al. General Ecology. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 1993: 163-172. [孙濡泳, 李博, 诸葛阳等. 普通生态学. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 1993: 163-172.]
[9] Renard K G, Freimund J R. Using monthly precipitation data to estimate the R-factor in the revised USLE. J. Hydrol.,1994, 174: 287-306.
[10] Yu B, Rosewell C J. A robust estimator of the R-factor for the universal soil loss equation. Transactions of the ASAE,1996, 39: 559-561.
[11] Ferro V, Porto P, Yu B. A comparative study of rainfall erosivity estimation for southern Italy and southeasternAustralia. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 1999, 44: 3-24.
[12] Richardson C W, Foster G R. Estimation of erosion index from daily rainfall amount. Transactions of the ASAE,1983, 26: 153-156.
[13] Zhang Wenbo, Xie Yun, Liu Baoyuan. Rainfall erosivity estimation using daily rainfall amounts. Scientia GeographicaSinica, 2002, 22(6): 705-711. [章文波, 谢云, 刘宝元. 利用日雨量计算降雨侵蚀力的方法研究. 地理科学, 2002, 22(6): 705-711.]
[14] Mu Xingmin, Dai Hailun, Gao Peng et al. Spatial-temporal characteristics of rainfall erosivity in northern Shaanxiregion in the Loess Plateau. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2010, 24(3): 37-43. [穆兴民, 戴海伦,高鹏等. 陕北黄土高原降雨侵蚀力时空变化研究. 干旱区资源与环境, 2010, 24(3): 37-43.]
[15] Sharpley A N, Williams J R. EPIC-erosion/productivity impact calculator: 1. Model documentation. United StatesDepartment of Agriculture, No.1768, Part 1, 1990: 235pp.
[16] McCool D K, Brown L G, Foster G R et al. Revised slope steepness factor for the Universal Soil Loss Equation.Transactions of the ASAE, 1987, 30(5): 1387-1396.
[17] Liu B Y, Nearing M A, Risse L M. Slope gradient effects on soil loss for steep slopes. Transactions of the ASAE,1994, 37(6): 1835-1840.
[18] Dang Weiqin, Wang Xiao, Ma Sanbao et al. Dam System Monitoring Method and Evaluation System Study in a SmallCatchment of the Loess Plateau. Zhengzhou: Yellow River Conservancy Press, 2008: 140-150. [党维勤, 王晓, 马三保等. 黄土高原小流域坝系监测方法及评价系统研究. 郑州: 黄河水利出版社, 2008: 140-150.]
[19] Renard K G, Foster G R, Weesies G A et al. Predicting soil erosion by water: A guide to conservation planning withthe revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE). Washington D. C.: U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1997: USDAAgriculture Handbook No.703: 404.
[20] Liu Baoyuan, Xie Yun, Zhang Keli. Soil Loss Prediction Model. Beijing: China Scientific & Technical Publishers,2001: 90-113. [刘宝元, 谢云, 张科利. 土壤侵蚀预报模型. 北京: 中国科学技术出版社, 2001: 90-113.]
[21] Liu B Y, Nearing M A, Shi P J. Slope length effects on soil loss for steep slopes. Soil Science Society of AmericanJournal, 2000, 64 (5): 226-228.
[22] Zhang Yan, Liu Baoyuan, Shi Peijun et al. Crop cover factor estimating for soil loss prediction. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2001, 21(7): 1050-1056. [张岩, 刘宝元, 史培军等. 黄土高原土壤侵蚀作物覆盖因子计算. 生态学报, 2001, 21(7):1050-1056.]
[23] Zhang Yan, Liu Baoyuan, Zhang Qingchun et al. Effect of different vegetation types on soil erosion by water. ActaBotanica Sinica, 2003, 45(10): 1204-1209.
[24] Hutchinson M F. New procedure for gridding elevation and stream line data with automatic removal of spurious pits.Journal of Hydrology, 1989, 106(3/4): 211-232.
[25] Van Remortel R, Hamilton M, Hicky R. Estimating the LS factor for RUSLE through iterative slope length processingof digital elevation data. Cartography, 2001, 30(1): 27-35.
[26] Wei Xia, Li Xungui, Li Zhanbin et al. Study on the adjust-control effect of check dam on gravity erosion ofslope-gully systems in the Loess Plateau. Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology: Natural ScienceEdition, 2009, 41(6): 856-861. [魏霞, 李勋贵, 李占斌等. 淤地坝对黄土高原坡沟系统重力侵蚀调控研究. 西安建筑科技大学学报: 自然科学版, 2009, 41(6): 856-861.]
[27] Yu Guoqiang, Li Zhanbin, Zhang Xia at al. Numerical simulation of gravitational erosion in slope-gully system onLoess Plateau. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2010, 47(5): 809-816. [于国强, 李占斌, 张霞等. 黄土高原坡沟系统重力侵蚀数值模拟研究. 土壤学报, 2010, 47(5): 809-816.]
[28] Li Tiejian. Simulation of gravitational erosion in river basins on Loess Plateau. Journal of Tianjin University, 2008, 41(9): 1136-1141. [李铁建. 黄土沟壑区流域重力侵蚀模拟. 天津大学学报, 2008, 41(9): 1136-1141.]
[29] Liu Shiliang, Wang Cong, Zhang Xilai et al. Soil and water conservation effect of different terrace configurations inland consolidation project. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2011, 25(4): 59-68. [刘世梁, 王聪, 张希来等. 土地整理中不同梯田空间配置的水土保持效应. 水土保持学报, 2011, 25(4): 59-68.]

梯田建设和淤地坝淤积对土壤侵蚀影响的定量分析

Influences of Terrace Construction and Check Dam Silting-up on Soil Erosion

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	张琨, 吕一河, 傅伯杰, 尹礼唱, 于丹丹. 黄土高原植被覆盖变化对生态系统服务影响及其阈值[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(5): 949-960.
[2]	鲁大铭, 杨新军, 石育中, 王子侨. 黄土高原乡村体制转换与转型发展[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(2): 348-364.
[3]	刘晓燕, 刘昌明, 党素珍. 黄土丘陵区雨强对水流含沙量的影响[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(9): 1723-1732.
[4]	文琦,施琳娜,马彩虹,王永生. 黄土高原村域多维贫困空间异质性研究——以宁夏彭阳县为例[J]. 地理学报, 2018, 73(10): 1850-1864.
[5]	高海东, 庞国伟, 李占斌, 程圣东. 黄土高原植被恢复潜力研究[J]. 地理学报, 2017, 72(5): 863-874.
[6]	高海东, 李占斌, 李鹏, 贾莲莲, 徐国策, 任宗萍, 庞国伟, 赵宾华. 基于土壤侵蚀控制度的黄土高原水土流失治理潜力研究[J]. 地理学报, 2015, 70(9): 1503-1515.
[7]	周国磊, 李诚固, 张婧, 罗凤龙, 申庆喜. 2003年以来长春市城市功能用地演替[J]. 地理学报, 2015, 70(4): 539-550.
[8]	傅伯杰. 地理学综合研究的途径与方法：格局与过程耦合[J]. 地理学报, 2014, 69(8): 1052-1059.
[9]	赵鸣飞, 王宇航, 邢开雄, 康慕谊, 刘全儒, 李秋颐, 黄永梅. 黄土高原山地森林群落植物区系特征与地理格局[J]. 地理学报, 2014, 69(7): 916-925.
[10]	刘晓燕, 刘昌明, 杨胜天, 金双彦, 高亚军, 高云飞. 基于遥感的黄土高原林草植被变化对河川径流的影响分析[J]. 地理学报, 2014, 69(11): 1595-1603.
[11]	高云飞, 郭玉涛, 刘晓燕, 何兴照. 陕北黄河中游淤地坝拦沙功能失效的判断标准[J]. 地理学报, 2014, 69(1): 73-79.
[12]	祝士杰, 汤国安, 李发源, 熊礼阳. 基于DEM的黄土高原面积高程积分研究[J]. 地理学报, 2013, 68(7): 921-932.
[13]	赵岩, 王治国, 孙保平, 张超, 纪强, 冯磊, 赵乾坤. 中国水土保持区划方案初步研究[J]. 地理学报, 2013, 68(3): 307-317.
[14]	蒲金涌, 王润元, 李晓薇, 张谋草. 甘肃黄土高原土壤水分变化对冬小麦产量的影响[J]. 地理学报, 2012, 67(5): 710-718.
[15]	李郎平; 鹿化煜. 黄土高原25万年以来粉尘堆积与侵蚀的定量估算[J]. 地理学报, 2010, 65(1): 37-52.