中国丹霞地貌空间格局

doi:10.11821/xb200501005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过分析中国丹霞地貌的空间分布格局,把我国丹霞地貌划分东南、西南和西北三大集中分布区。主要研究了三大丹霞地貌集中分布区的景观异质性。东南区 (包括浙、闽、赣、粤、湘、桂等省区) 多发育临溪丹霞峰林、丹霞赤壁、一线天、天生桥等景观;西南区 (云贵高原与四川盆地过渡带) 以赤壁与急流瀑布相伴为主要景观特色;西北区 (包括陇山周围、河湟谷地) 则呈现出特有的干旱区丹霞地貌景观,区内由于自然条件的复杂性,如小气候及流水作用,黄土盖层成分及其存在与否的差异性,区内景观异质性显著。从三区的构造运动上升速度、降水强度、植被等生物作用、河川过程以及黄土作用等地质地理、气候条件、生物、理化等内外动力作用,分析了形成这种景观差异性的原因、形成机理和过程。

关键词: 丹霞地貌, 空间格局, 景观, 异质性, 中国

Abstract:

Danxia landform as a special geomorphic type is distributed in most parts of China. According to its spatial distribution patterns and regional differences, three major Danxia landform concentrated areas in China are identified in this paper. They are southeast area (including Jiangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, Hunan and Guangxi provinces), the southwest area (the transitional zone of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and Sichuan Basin) and the northwest area (including Longshan mountain and both sides of the Huanghe River and its anabranches). The geologic and geographic conditions of Danxia landform and their differences of the three areas are analyzed. The Danxia geomorphologic landscapes, such as upright-shaped peaks, Danxia mesa, stone wall, cave and vertical cave, Danxia natural bridge, "a narrow strip of sky" and so on, are generally formed in the southeast area. The landscape of southwest area is characterized by Danxia escarpment face, waterfall and waterfall groups. The special landscapes in arid areas are found in the northwest area, for example, the mud-coating type, columniation type and board type of Danxia landforms, however there are more differences here than in the other two areas because of the complexity of the nature including the climate, running water, wind abrasion, the loessial cover and relevant elements and so on. Based on the tectonic uplift rates, regional structure of sedimentary red-basin, the fluvial process, weathering and biological processes, gravity and other internal gravitation and external processes in each Danxia landform area in China, this paper discusses the causes which control the differences and also explains the landscapes formation process and its mechanism.

Key words: Danxia landform, spatial pattern, landscape, difference, China

齐德利, 于蓉, 张忍顺, 葛云健, 李加林. 中国丹霞地貌空间格局[J]. 地理学报, 2005, 60(1): 41-52.

QI Deli, YU Rong, ZHANG Renshun, GE Yunjian, LI Jialin. On the Spatial Pattern of Danxia Landform in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2005, 60(1): 41-52.

参考文献

[1] Huang Jin. On the distribution of Danxia landforms in China. Economic Geography, 1999, 19(suppl.): 31-35.
[黄进. 中国丹霞地貌的分布. 经济地理, 1999, 19(增刊): 31-35.]

[2] Huang Jin. A Field Investigation of the Danxia Landforms form 1999 to 2002. Economic Geography, 2003, 23(suppl.): 200-223.
[黄进. 我对中国丹霞地貌的考察. 经济地理, 2003, 23(增刊): 200-223.]

[3] Zhou Xuejun. A study on north-south differences of the Danxia landform pattern and its tourism values in China. Journal of Mountain Science, 2003, 21(2): 180-186.
[周学军. 中国丹霞地貌的南北差异及其旅游价值. 山地学报, 2003, 21(2): 180-186.]

[4] Huang Yizhong, Yang Shiyu. The geologic formation of Danxia geomorphologic landscape in the Three-River area.Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, 2003, 22(3): 270-272.
[黄义忠, 杨世瑜. 三江并流带丹霞地貌景观地质成景作用. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 2003, 22(3): 270-272.]

[5] Cui Zhijiu. Preliminary research on classification and nomination of "Rock-Landform" in terms from the development of Danxia landform. Economic Geography, 1999, 19(suppl.): 1-4.
[崔之久. 就丹霞地貌的发展浅论"岩石地貌学"的分类和命名. 经济地理, 1999, 19(增刊): 1-4.]

[6] Pan Jiang, Xiu Baokun, Lu Liwu. The genetic similarity and difference between the Danxia and Wulingyuan landscapes. Economic Geography, 1999, 19(suppl.): 21-30.
[潘江, 修保琨, 卢立伍. 丹霞地貌与武陵源地貌的成因共性及区别. 经济地理, 1999, 19(增刊): 21-30.]

[7] Pan Jiang. On the classification of Danxia landscape. Economic Geography, 2002, 22(suppl.): 36-39.
[潘江. 略论赤壁丹崖地貌之分类. 经济地理, 2000, 22(增刊): 36-39.]

[8] Guo Kang, Zhang Cong, Ma Zhizheng. A study on the differences between Zhangshiyan and Danxia landscapes. Economic Geography, 1994, 14(suppl.): 200-204.
[郭康, 张聪, 马志正. 嶂石岩地貌与丹霞地貌对比研究. 经济地理, 1994, 14(增刊): 200-204.]

[9] Guo Kang, Di Minghui, Ma Zhizheng. On the special Danxia landforms. Economic Geography, 1998, 18(suppl.): 167-171.
[郭康, 邸明慧, 马志正. 对几种特殊丹霞地貌的探讨. 经济地理. 1998, 18(增刊): 169-171.]

[10] Peng Hua. A survey of the Danxia landform research in China. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2000, 20(3): 203-211.
[彭华. 中国丹霞地貌研究进展. 地理科学, 2000, 20(3): 203-211.]

[11] Peng Hua. The research on classification system of Danxia landform. Economic Geography, 2002, 22(suppl.): 28-35.
[彭华. 丹霞地貌分类系统研究. 经济地理, 2002, 22(增刊): 28-35.]

[12] Zhu Cheng, Yu Jinbiao, Zhao Ningxi et al. Danxia landform genesis and scenic feature on Guanzai Mountain, Fujian Province. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2000, 55(6): 679-688.
[朱诚, 俞锦标, 赵宁曦等. 福建冠豸山丹霞地貌成因及旅游景观特色. 地理学报, 2000, 55(6): 679-688.]

[13] Chen Anze. The landform classification of sandstone (conglomerate) and its status & function of Tourism. Land & Resources Herald, 2004, 1(1): 11-16.
[陈安泽. 论砂 (砾) 岩地貌类型划分及其在旅游业中的地位和作用. 国土资源导刊, 2004, 1(1):11-16]

[14] http://www.worldgeopark.org/dz/member%20states.htm
[DB/OL]

[15] Chen Jialuo. Evaluation of developing state of Danxia landform parks of China. Economic Geography, 1992, 22(suppl.): 87-92.
[陈佳骆. 丹霞地貌风景名胜区发展评述. 经济地理, 2002, 22(6): 87-92.]

[16] Huang Jin. Quantitative survey of several important issues concerning with the formation of the Danxia landforms. Tropical Geography, 2004, 24(2): 123-126.
[黄进. 丹霞地貌发育几个重要问题的定量测算. 热带地理, 2004, 24(2): 123-126.]

[17] Qi Deli, Xiao Xing, Chen Zhijun. Spatial analysis and tourism development layout on Danxia landscape in Gansu Province. Geography and Geo-Information Science, 2003, 19(3): 88-93.
[齐德利, 肖星, 陈致均. 甘肃省丹霞地貌空间分析及旅游开发布局研究.地理与地理信息科, 2003, 19(3): 88-93.]

[18] Qi Deli, Xiao Xing, Chen Zhijun. On tourist destination image of Danxia landscape in Gansu Province. Areal Research and Development, 2004, 23(1): 47-51.
[齐德利, 肖星, 陈致均. 甘肃丹霞地貌旅游形象建设研究. 地域研究与开发, 2004, 23(1): 47-51.]

[19] Qi Deli, Chen Zhijun. The evaluation of tourism development potential on Danxia landscapes in Gansu Province. Gansu Social Science, 2003, (4): 152-156.
[齐德利, 陈致均. 甘肃省丹霞地貌旅游资源开发潜力评价. 甘肃社会科学, 2003, (4): 152-156.]

[20] Qi Deli. An Elementary Study on Danxia Landform and Its Tourism Development in Gansu Province. Lanzhou: Northwest Normal University Press, 2002.
[齐德利. 甘肃省丹霞地貌旅游开发初步研究. 兰州: 西北师范大学出版社, 2002.]

[21] Zhu Yan. On the Characters of Danxia Landform and Its Evolution Environment in Gansu Province. Economic Geography, 1998, 18(suppl.): 88-95.
[朱艳. 甘肃丹霞地貌的特征与发育条件. 经济地理. 1998, 18(增刊): 88-95.]

[22] Chen Zhijun, Huang Keguang, Dai Wenzhao. The distribution of Danxia landforms in Gansu Province. Economic Geography, 1994, 14(suppl.): 159-163.
[陈致均. 甘肃丹霞地貌的分布. 经济地理, 1994, 14(增刊): 159-163.]

[23] Zhang Linyuan, Liu Chaoyang. The characters of Danxia landscapes and its tourism development in Gansu and Qinghai provinces. Tropical Geography, 1992(suppl.): 153-161.
[张林源, 刘朝阳. 甘青地区丹霞地貌资源的特点与开发. 热带地貌, 1992(增刊): 153-161.]

[24] Zhang Zhongxiao. On the characters of Danxia landform and tourism values in Qinghai Province. Economic Geography, 1998, 18(suppl.): 75-80.
[张忠孝. 青海丹霞地貌特征及其旅游价值. 经济地理, 1998, 18(增刊): 75-80.]

[25] Yang Zaitian. A preliminary study on the union development of provincial "Danxia Scenic Spot of Zi-Xin". Economic Geography, 1999, 19(suppl.): 121-125.
[杨载田. 关于联合开发资新丹霞地貌旅游区的探讨. 经济地理. 1999, 19(增刊): 121-125.]

[26] Fan Xiongqiang. Studies on the tourism development in Mountain Lang. Economic Geography, 1996, 16(suppl.): 34-37.
[樊雄强. 论崀山旅游资源开发. 经济地理, 1996, 16(增刊): 34-37.]

[27] Chen Jiangeng. Analysis on the cause of formation of Danxia landform and evaluation of tourism resources in northwest of Guizhou Province. Economic Geography, 1999, 19(suppl.): 70-74.
[陈建庚. 黔西北丹霞地貌发育的成因分析及旅游资源评价. 经济地理, 1999, 19(增刊): 70-74.]

[28] Luo Chengde. Several problems about the Danxia landforms in Sichuan Basin. Economic Geography, 2002, 22(suppl.): 61-65.
[罗成德. 四川盆地丹霞地貌的几个问题. 经济地理. 2002, 22(增刊): 61-65.]

[29] Huang Jin, Chen Zhijun. The discussion on the definition and classification to Danxia landform. Economic Geography, 2003, 23(suppl.): 6-11.
[黄进, 陈致均. 丹霞地貌定义及分类中一些问题的探讨.经济地理, 2003, 23(增刊): 6-11.]

[30] Huang Jin, Chen Zhijun, Huang Keguang. The defines and classification of Danxia landforms. Economic Geography, 1994, 14(suppl.): 37-49.
[黄进, 陈致均, 黄可光. "丹霞地貌"的定义及分类.经济地理. 1992, 12(增刊): 37-49.]

[31] Zhang Renshun, Qi Deli. Danxia landform and gigantic buddha carved in precipice (I). Economic Geography, 2003, 23(suppl.): 173-181.
[张忍顺, 齐德利. 丹霞地貌与巨佛摩崖造像(I). 经济地理, 2003, 23(增刊): 173-181.]

[32] Zhang Renshun, Qi Deli. Danxia landform and gigantic buddha carved in precipice (II). Economic Geography, 2003, 23(suppl.): 182-188.
[张忍顺, 齐德利. 丹霞地貌与巨佛摩崖造像 (II). 经济地理, 2003, 23(增刊): 182-188.]

[33] Huang Jin. The classified areas of Danxia landforms in China. Tropical Geomorphology, 1991(special issue): 69-81.
[黄进. 中国丹霞地貌类型地初步研究. 热带地貌, 1991 (专号): 69-81.]

[34] Gao Tianjun, Li Zhibin, Liu Yibi. Geological conditions and formational classification of Danxia landforms in Fujian Province. Economic Geography, 2002, 22(suppl.): 50-54.
[高天钧, 李志彬, 刘以壁. 福建丹霞地貌形成的地质条件与成因类型. 经济地理, 2002, 22(增刊): 50-54.]

[35] Huang Jin, Cheng Minghao. On the coastal Danxia landforms in Chengtou Cape in Dapeng Gulf in Guangdong Province. Economic Geography, 1994, 14(suppl.): 189-195.
[黄进, 程明豪. 广东大鹏湾秤头角海岸丹霞地貌的初步研究. 经济地理, 1994, 14(增刊): 189-195.]

[36] Li Jialin, Zhang Renshun, Qi Deli. The exploitation value of tourist development to Xiangshan's Hongyan-Danmen Coast-Island Danxia landform in Zhejiang Province. Journal of Ningbo University (NSEE), 2003, 16(1): 35-39.
[李加林, 张忍顺, 齐德利. 象山红岩-旦门山岛海岸-海岛丹霞地貌及其旅游开发价值. 宁波大学学报 (理工版), 2003, 16(1): 35-39.]

[37] Liu Shangren, Liu Ruihua. On the conception of Danxia landform. Journal of Mountain Science, 2003, 21(6): 669-674.
[刘尚仁, 刘瑞华. 丹霞地貌概念讨论. 山地学报, 2003, 21(6): 669-674.]