地理学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 68 ›› Issue (1): 82-94.doi: 10.11821/xb201301010
祁威1,2, 张镱锂1, 高俊刚1, 杨续超3, 刘林山1, Narendra Raj KHANAL4
收稿日期:
2012-08-27
修回日期:
2012-10-21
出版日期:
2013-01-20
发布日期:
2013-03-19
通讯作者:
张镱锂(1962-),男,研究员,博导,中国地理学会会员(S110001007M)。E-mail:zhangyl@igsnrr.ac.cn
E-mail:zhangyl@igsnrr.ac.cn
作者简介:
祁威(1987-),男,博士生,河北涿州人,从事山地与高原综合自然地理研究。E-mail:qiw.12b@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
全球变化研究国家重大科学研究计划(2010CB951704); 国家自然科学基金项目(40901057)
QI Wei1,2, ZHANG Yili1, GAO Jungang1, YANG Xuchao3, LIU Linshan1, Narendra R. KHANAL4
Received:
2012-08-27
Revised:
2012-10-21
Online:
2013-01-20
Published:
2013-03-19
Supported by:
The National Basic Research Program of China, No.2010CB951704; National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40901057
摘要: 利用珠穆朗玛峰南坡尼泊尔境内(科西河流域) 的10 个气象站1971-2009 年月平均气温、月平均最高、最低气温和逐月降水资料, 采用线性趋势、Sen 斜率估计、Mann-Kendall 等方法分析区域气候变化状况及其时空特征, 并与珠穆朗玛峰北坡地区气候进行比较, 分析了珠穆朗玛峰地区气候变化的特征与趋势。结果表明:(1) 1971-2009 年间, 珠穆朗玛峰南坡年平均气温为20.0℃, 线性升温率为0.25℃/10a, 与北坡主要受年平均最低气温影响相反, 增幅主要受年平均最高气温升高的影响, 并且在1974 年及1992 年间出现两次显著增温, 增温特别明显的月份为2 月和9 月;(2) 该地区降水变化的局地性较强, 近40 年间年平均降水量为1729.01 mm, 年平均降水量以每年约4.27 mm的线性增幅有所增加, 但并不显著, 且降水月变化和季变化特征均不明显;(3) 由于珠穆朗玛峰南坡受到季风带来暖湿气流和喜马拉雅山阻挡的双重影响, 珠峰南坡的年平均降水量远高于北坡;(4) 珠穆朗玛峰南坡气温变暖的海拔依赖性并不明显, 且南坡地区的变暖趋势并没有北坡变暖趋势明显。
祁威, 张镱锂, 高俊刚, 杨续超, 刘林山, Narendra Raj KHANAL. 1971-2009 年珠穆朗玛峰地区尼泊尔境内气候变化[J]. 地理学报, 2013, 68(1): 82-94.
QI Wei, ZHANG Yili, GAO Jungang, YANG Xuchao, LIU Linshan, Narendra R. KHANAL. Climate change on southern slope of Mt. Qomolangma region in Nepal from 1971 to 2009[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2013, 68(1): 82-94.
[1] Cai Yunlong, Li Shuangcheng, Fang Xiuqi. The research forefront of physical geography. Acta Geographica Sinica,2009, 64(11): 1363-1374. [蔡运龙, 李双成, 方修琦. 自然地理学研究前沿. 地理学报, 2009, 64(11): 1363-1374.][2] Houghton J T, Ding Y, Griggs D J et al. Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Cambridge: Cambridge UniversityPress, 2001[3] Kabat P. Vegetation, Water, Humans and the Climate: A New Perspective on an Interactive System: Springer Verlag,2004.[4] Steffen W L. Global Change and the Earth System: A Planet under Pressure. Springer Verlag, 2005.[5] Metz B, Davidson O, Bosch P R et al. Summary for policymakers. Climate Change 2007//Solomon S, Qin D, ManningM et al. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on ClimateChange. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.[6] Singer S F. Nature, not human activity, rules the climate//Summary for Policymakers of the Report of theNongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change (NIPCC). The Heartland Institute. Chicago, IL, 2008.[7] Feng Song, Tang Maocang, Wang Dongmei. New evidence of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau as a pilot region of climaticfluctuation in China. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1998, 43(6): 633-636. [冯松, 汤懋苍, 王冬梅. 青藏高原是我国气候变化启动区的新证据. 科学通报, 1998, 43(6): 633-636.][8] Pan Baotian, Li Jijun. Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: A driver and amplifier of the global climatic change. Journal ofLanzhou University: Natural Sciences, 1996, 32(1): 108-115. [潘保田, 李吉均. 青藏高原: 全球气候变化的驱动机与放大器. 兰州大学学报: 自然科学版, 1996, 32(1): 108-115.][9] Yang Xingguo, Qin Dahe, Zhang Tingjun et al. Characteristics of air temperature and humidity on the north slope ofMt. Qomolangma (Mt. Everest). Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 2012, 70(4): 855-866. [杨兴国, 秦大河, 张廷军等. 珠穆朗玛峰北坡地区气温和湿度变化特征. 气象学报, 2012, 70(4): 855-866.][10] Ye Duzheng. Meteorology of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Beijing: Science Press, 1979. [叶笃正. 青藏高原气象学. 北京:科学出版社, 1979.][11] Tao S, Ding Y. Observational evidence of the influence of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau on the occurrence ofheavy rain and severe convective storms in China. B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 1981, 62(1): 23-30.[12] Team of Scientific Expedition to Tibet, CAS. Dissertation of Scientific Expediton to Mt. Qomolangma Region:Physical Geography. Beijing: Science Press, 1975: 1-15. [中国科学院西藏科学考察队. 珠穆朗玛峰地区科学考察报告: 自然地理. 北京: 科学出版社, 1975: 1-15.][13] Yang Xuchao, Zhang Yili, Zhang Wei et al. Climate change in Mt. Qomolangma region in China during the last 34years. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006, 61(7): 687-696. [杨续超, 张镱锂, 张玮等. 珠穆朗玛峰地区近34 年来气候变化. 地理学报, 2006, 61(7): 687-696.][14] Shrestha A B, Wake C P, Mayewski P A et al. Maximum temperature trends in the Himalaya and its vicinity: Ananalysis based on temperature records from Nepal for the period 1971-94. J. Climate, 1999, 12(9): 2775-2786.[15] Shrestha A B, Wake C P, Dibb J E et al. Precipitation fluctuations in the Nepal Himalaya and its vicinity andrelationship with some large scale climatological parameters. Int. J. Climatol., 2000, 20(3): 317-327.[16] Shrestha K. Dictionary of Nepalese Plant Names: Mandala Book Point, 1998.[17] Yu Weiping, Zhou Shijian, Wang Wei. Meteorological Observation Specification. Beijing: China Meteorological Press,2003. [俞卫平, 周诗健, 王伟. 地面气象观测规范. 北京: 气象出版社, 2003.][18] Wang Shuting. The Collection and Statistical Methods of Meteorological Data. Beijing: China Meteorological Press,1984. [王树廷. 气象资料的整理和统计方法. 北京: 气象出版社, 1984.][19] Hormann K. Computer based climatological maps for high mountain areas. International Centre for IntegratedMountain Development, ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal, MEM Ser., 1994: 12.[20] Wei Fengying. Modern Climatic Statistical Diagnosis and Forecasting Technology. Beijing: China MeteorologicalPress, 1999: 43-47. [魏凤英. 现代气候统计诊断预测技术. 北京: 气象出版社, 1999: 43-47.][21] Tabari H, Talaee P H. Temporal variability of precipitation over Iran: 1966-2005. J. Hydrol., 2011, 396(3): 313-320.[22] Kahya E, Kalayci S. Trend analysis of stream flow in Turkey. J. Hydrol., 2004, 289(1): 128-144.[23] Yin Yunhe, Wu Shaohong, Chen Gang. Regional difference of climate trend and abrupt climate change in Chinaduring 1961-2006. Journal of Natural Resources, 2009, 24(12): 2147-2157. [尹云鹤, 吴绍洪, 陈刚. 1961-2006 年我国气候变化趋势与突变的区域差异. 自然资源学报, 2009, 24(12): 2147-2157.][24] Liu Xiaodong, Hou Ping. Relationship between the climatic warming over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and itssurrounding areas in recent 30 years and the elevation. Plateau Meteorology, 1998, 17(3): 245-249. [刘晓东, 侯萍. 青藏高原及其邻近地区近30 年气候变暖与海拔高度的关系. 高原气象, 1998, 17(3): 245-249.][25] Yao Tandong, Liu Xiaodong, Wang Ninglian. Amplitude of climatic change in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. ChineseScience Bulletin, 2000, 45(1): 98-106. [姚檀栋, 刘晓东, 王宁练. 青藏高原地区的气候变化幅度问题. 科学通报,2000, 45(1): 98-106.][26] Beniston M, Diaz H F. Climatic change at high elevation sites: An overview. Climatic Change, 1997, 36(3): 233-251.[27] Diaz H F, Bradley R S. Temperature variations during the last century at high elevation sites. Climatic Change, 1997,36(3): 253-279.[28] Aizen V B, Aizen E M, Melack J M et al. Climatic and hydrologic changes in the Tien Shan, central Asia. J. Climate,1997, 10(6): 1393-1404.[29] Giorgi F, Hurrell J W, Marinucci M R et al. Elevation dependency of the surface climate change signal: A modelstudy. J. Climate, 1997, 10(2): 288-296.[30] Lin Zhenyao, Zhao Xinyi. Spatial characters of temperature and precipitation in the Tibetan Plateau. Science in China:Series D, 1996, 26(4): 354-358. [林振耀, 赵昕奕. 青藏高原气温降水变化的空间特征. 中国科学: D 辑, 1996, 26(4):354-358.][31] Liu X, Chen B. Climatic warming in the Tibetan Plateau during recent decades. Int. J. Climatol., 2000, 20(14):1729-1742.[32] Yang Xuchao, Zhang Yili, Liu Linshan et al. Sensitivity of surface air temperature change to land types in China.Science in China: Series D, 2009, 39(5): 638-646. [杨续超, 张镱锂, 刘林山等. 中国地表气温变化对土地利用/覆被类型的敏感性. 中国科学: D辑, 2009, 39(5): 638-646.][33] Zheng Du. Progress in studies on geographical environments of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Scientia GeographicaSinica, 1999, 19(4): 295-302. [郑度. 青藏高原地理环境研究进展. 地理科学, 1999, 19(4): 295-302.][34] Sun Honglie. The Formation and Evolution of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific & TechnicalPublishers, 1996. [孙鸿烈. 青藏高原的形成演化. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社, 1996.][35] Yao Tandong, Jiao Keqin, Yang Zhihong et al. The climatic change characteristics reflected by Guliya Ice Core fromLittle Ice Age. Science in China: Series B, 1995, 25(10): 1108-1114. [姚檀栋,焦克勤, 杨志红等. 古里雅冰芯中小冰期以来的气候变化. 中国科学: B辑, 1995, 25(10): 1108-1114.][36] Shrestha A, Kostaschuk R. El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-related variability in mean-monthly stream flow inNepal. J. Hydrol., 2005, 308(1): 33-49. |
[1] | 高江波, 焦珂伟, 吴绍洪. 1982-2013年中国植被NDVI空间异质性的气候影响分析[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(3): 534-543. |
[2] | 唐见,曹慧群,陈进. 生态保护工程和气候变化对长江源区植被变化的影响量化[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(1): 76-86. |
[3] | 李依婵,李育,朱耿睿. 一种新的气候变化敏感区的定义方法与预估[J]. 地理学报, 2018, 73(7): 1283-1295. |
[4] | 张扬,白红英,苏凯,黄晓月,孟清,郭少壮. 1960-2013年秦岭陕西段南北坡极端气温变化空间差异[J]. 地理学报, 2018, 73(7): 1296-1308. |
[5] | 邓海军,陈亚宁. 中亚天山山区冰雪变化及其对区域水资源的影响[J]. 地理学报, 2018, 73(7): 1309-1323. |
[6] | 秦雅,刘玉洁,葛全胜. 气候变化背景下1981-2010年中国玉米物候变化时空分异[J]. 地理学报, 2018, 73(5): 906-916. |
[7] | 邓晨晖,白红英,高山,黄晓月,孟清,赵婷,张扬,苏凯,郭少壮. 1964-2015年气候因子对秦岭地区植物物候的综合影响效应[J]. 地理学报, 2018, 73(5): 917-931. |
[8] | 黄耿志,冷疏影. 国家自然科学基金推动下的中国人文地理学发展[J]. 地理学报, 2018, 73(3): 578-594. |
[9] | 潘威, 郑景云, 满志敏. 1766-2000年黄河上中游汛期径流量波动特征及其与PDO关系[J]. 地理学报, 2018, 73(11): 2053-2063. |
[10] | 张学珍,李侠祥,徐新创,张丽娟. 基于模式优选的21世纪中国气候变化情景集合预估[J]. 地理学报, 2017, 72(9): 1555-1568. |
[11] | 陈莎,刘倩,贾玉连,陈鑫鑫,王传胜,万智巍,洪祎君,冷雪,王昕梅,曹向明,彭学敏,王野乔. 气候环境驱动下的中国北方早期社会历史时空演进及其机制[J]. 地理学报, 2017, 72(9): 1580-1593. |
[12] | 邢武成,李忠勤,张慧,张明军,梁鹏斌,牟建新. 1959年来中国天山冰川资源时空变化[J]. 地理学报, 2017, 72(9): 1594-1605. |
[13] | 初征,郭建平,赵俊芳. 东北地区未来气候变化对农业气候资源的影响[J]. 地理学报, 2017, 72(7): 1248-1260. |
[14] | 史文娇,刘奕婷,石晓丽. 气候变化对北方农牧交错带界线变迁影响的定量探测方法研究[J]. 地理学报, 2017, 72(3): 407-419. |
[15] | 王鹏涛,张立伟,李英杰,焦磊,王浩,延军平,吕一河,傅伯杰. 汉江上游生态系统服务权衡与协同关系时空特征[J]. 地理学报, 2017, 72(11): 2064-2078. |
|