地理学报

地理学报 ›› 1998, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (s1): 124-133.doi: 10.11821/xb1998s1016

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

黄土丘陵区小流域泥沙来源及其动态变化的~(137)Cs法研究

文安邦1, 张信宝2, 沃林DE3   

  1. 1. 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,成都610041;
    2. 中国科学院西安黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室,西安710054;
    3. 爱克塞特大学地理系,英国
  • 收稿日期:1997-01-02 修回日期:1997-10-10 出版日期:1998-12-15 发布日期:1998-12-15
  • 作者简介:文安邦,1995年获土坡侵蚀研究方向硕士学位,1992年至今从事黄土高原等地土壤现代侵蚀研究,作为主研人员完成国家“八、五”科技攻关项目一项,国家自然科学基金二项,中(中国)英(英国)合作项目一项,发表论文5篇。
  • 基金资助:

    国家“八五”重大项目．编号85-926-07-01-04

A STUDY ON SOIL EROSION RATES AND SEDIMENT SOURCES USING CAESIUM-137 TECHNIQUE IN A SMALL DRAINAGE OF THE LOESS HILLS

Wen Anbang1, Zhang Xinbao2, D.E.Walling3   

  1. 1. Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences &. Ministry of Water Conservancy, Chengdu 610041;
    2. Xi’an Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Academia Sinica, Xi’an 710054;
    3. Department of Geography, University of Exeter,Exeter, United Kingdom
  • Received:1997-01-02 Revised:1997-10-10 Online:1998-12-15 Published:1998-12-15
  • Supported by:

    The key project of the Ministry of Sciences and Technique from 1990to 1995. No.85-926-07-01-04

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被引次数

39

摘要： 通过沟间地、沟谷地不同类型土地表层土壤和淤地坝坝库沉积泥沙的137Cs含量的对比分析,陕西子长赵家沟小流域沟间地、沟谷地相对产沙量分别为24%和76%,侵蚀模数分别为6580t/km2·a和21118t/km2·a。1973年1977年15次洪水坝库沉积泥沙的137Cs含量变化表明,汛期初期洪水的沟间地相对产沙量一般较汛期后期洪水为低。

关键词: 泥沙来源, 动态变化, ~(137)Cs方法

Abstract: The paper reports the results using Caesium-137 technique to investigate soil erosion rates and sediment sources and its changing of Zhaojia gully catchment in the rolling Loess Plateau re-gion of Zhichang County, Shaanxi province, China, where absence of direct measurements of the soils erosion rates and sediment source observation, the results of the paper derived from reservoir deposited and from Caesium-137 measurement.Soil samples were mainly collected from the cultivated slope land in the loess hills, steep gully area and the sediment deposited in sediment trap reservoirs, and the Caesium-137 refer-ence samples collected from a plain grassland, where no disturbance sine 1953,and same altitude as the study cultivated slope land.The references inventory of Caesium-137 in study region was 2 504 Bq/m2, and the average Caesium-137 content of the rolling cultivated slope land and the steep cultivated slope land were 1 248- 2 Bq/m2 and 443. 1 Bq/m2 respectively. Based on measurement of the Caesium-137 con-tent of these soil samples, the estimated net erosion rates on cultivated land occupying the gen-tle crest slopes and steeper lower slopes of the rolling plateau and the steep gully slopes were 4 158 t/km2?a, 8 584 t/km2?a and 15 851 t/km2 ?a, respectively, and the rolling cultivated slope land and steep gully slope land were 6 580 t/km2 ?a and 21 118 t/km2 ?a respectivelyThe average content of surface samples collected from the rolling cultivated slope land, and the steep gully area were 3. 88 Bq/kq and 0. 02 Bq/kg respectively. The average content of thesediments deposited in dam 3 was 0. 91 Bq/kg. According to analysis of the Caesium-137 content of surface soil samples from the rolling cultivated slope land and gully slope land and the sedi-ment deposited in sediment trap reservoirs, the relative contribution of sediment from the rolling Plateau and gully area were estimated to be 24％ and 76％ respectively. Analysis of the sedi-ment deposited dating from 1973～977 in another sediment trap reservoir enable individual flood event couplets to be identified and indicated that the sediment associated with the first one or two floods in a season, when the soils of the plateau area were relatively dry, the sediment of the reservoir was derived primary from the gully areas, the cultivated soils of the rolling plateau contributed an increased proportion of the total sediment yield during the latter stages of the flood season when the soils were wetter and surface runoff and erosion were more widespread.

Key words: sediment sources, Caesium-137 technique

中图分类号: 

  • P333.4