1982-2006 年中国东部春季植被变化的区域差异

doi:10.11821/xb201201006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 分析了中国东部1982-2006 年4-5 月归一化差值植被指数(NDVI) 的空间格局和变化趋势空间分布,通过聚类分析辨识了植被活动变化过程的主要模态,并探讨了他们与温度和降水变化的相关关系。结果表明：(1) 多年平均的春季植被活动呈现南强北弱的分布特征,由强到弱的过渡带大约位于34°~39°N;(2) 1982-2006 年,华北平原、呼伦贝尔草原和洞庭湖平原的春季植被活动呈显著增强的趋势,其中华北平原NDVI 增速高达0.03/10 年(r² = 0.52;p <0.001),长三角和珠三角地区则呈显著减弱的趋势,其中长三角地区NDVI减速达-0.016/10 年(r² = 0.24;p = 0.014);(3) 1982-2006 年春季植被活动变化过程的区域差异鲜明,并呈现层次性特征,首先是长三角和珠三角与其他地区的差异,前者呈减弱趋势,后者呈增强趋势,其次是呼伦贝尔草地、华北以及江南—华南地区与东北地区、内蒙古东部和东南部及长江下游地区的差异,前者持续增强,后者以1998 年为分界点先增强后减弱,再次是各个模态年际变率的差异;(4) 半湿润—半干旱的草地和农田区植被活动与降水量变化显著正相关,半湿润—湿润的森林区植被活动与温度变化显著正相关,温度或者降水最高能解释NDVI 60%的方差。

关键词: 中国东部, 春季, 植被活动, 区域差异, NDVI

Abstract: To understand the spatial differences of changes in spring vegetation activities across eastern China during 1982-2006, we analysed the mean spatial pattern of Normalized Differences Vegetation Index in spring and spatial pattern of linear trend of changes in spring NDVI, identified the models of spring vegetation activities changes through the clustering analysis and calculated the correlations coefficients between spring NDVI and temperature and precipitation variations. It was found that vegetation activities decreased from south to north with an abrupt decrease at 34?-39? N. The transition belt was derived from natural vegetation distribution, but the south-north grads in the transition belt were enhanced by anthropogenic cropland. Across eastern China, spring vegetation activities had trends of significant increase in the North China Plain, Hulun Buir area and Dongting Lake Plain, and the North China Plain had the greatest rate of 0.03 NDVI per decade (r² = 0.52; p < 0.001); while, spring vegetation activities had trends of significant decrease in the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta, and Yangtze River Delta had the greatest rate of -0.02NDVI per decade (r² = 0.24; p = 0.014). The vegetation activities variations across eastern China had evident spatial heterogeneities. The spatial heterogeneities were primarily featured by differences between a decreasing trend in the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta and an increasing trend in other areas. The secondary differences were the differences between persistent increasing trend during 1982-2006 in the North China Plain, Hulun Buir area and south of Yangtze River to South China and breaking increase after 1997-1998 in Northeast China, eastern part of Inner Mongolia Plateau and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The third and lower level differences were interannual variabilities differences among the regions.

Key words: eastern China, spring, vegetation activities, spatial differences, NDVI

张学珍, 戴君虎, 葛全胜. 1982-2006 年中国东部春季植被变化的区域差异[J]. 地理学报, 2012, 67(1): 53-61.

ZHANG Xuezhen, DAI Junhu, GE Quansheng. Spatial Differences of Changes in Spring Vegetation activities across Eastern China during 1982-2006[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012, 67(1): 53-61.

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