地理学报 ›› 2000, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (6): 698-706.doi: 10.11821/xb200006007

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

20世纪中国土地利用变化研究

葛全胜, 赵名茶, 郑景云   

  1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101
  • 收稿日期:2000-03-10 修回日期:2000-07-28 出版日期:2000-11-15 发布日期:2000-11-15
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(49771006);国家自然科学基金重点项目(49831008)

Land Use Change of China during the 20th Century

GE Quansheng, ZHAO Mingcha, ZHENG Jing yun   

  1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
  • Received:2000-03-10 Revised:2000-07-28 Online:2000-11-15 Published:2000-11-15
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Sciences Foundation of China,No.49771006;and the Key Program of National Natural Sciences Foundation of China,No.49831008

摘要: 20世纪的土地利用和土地覆盖变化研究是当今国际科学研究的前沿领域。比较系统地收集、整理并校准了民国与 1 949年以后的各种土地利用调查、普查与遥感资料,对土地利用变化概貌、耕地、林地、草地、居住建设用地等进行了统计与比较分析,用比较翔实的数据揭示了2 0世纪以来中国土地利用变化的史实。

关键词: 土地利用变化, 20世纪, 中国

Abstract: The research of landuse and land cover change is a core project in the international global environmental change studies, and project aims at revealing how landcover has been changed in China in the last century will be an important and necessary action. Based on the standardized and unified data collected from numrable and valuable historical documents and various statistical reports which were published before 1950 but now are scattered in the nationwide libraries and archives, and the classification data obtained by investigations and remote sensing after 1950, the landcover change and characteristics of land use in China during the 20th century are traced and analyzed in this paper. The results are: ① The unused and non arable land keeps decreasing and landcover has been changed obviously. ② The cultivated land, forestland, horticultural land, settlement, and mining land, and transportation land are increasing, in which, the augmentations from 1914 to 1997 for cultivated land, forest land, horticultural land, settlement and mining land, and transportation land were 49×106hm2, 49×106hm2, 7 1×106hm2, 17 5×106hm2, 3 1×106hm2, respectively. ③ The grasslands, uncultivated arable land, water bodies and wetland are decreasing, in which, the decrements from 1950 to 1990 for the grasslands and uncultivated arable land were 65×106hm2 and 90×106hm2. ④ The proportional structure of land use consisted in the cultivated, forestland, grassland, horticultural land, settlement and mining land, transportation land, water bodies, and others by 10 19%, 13 02%, 40 83%, 0 11%, 0 49%, 0 21%, 2 35%, 32 8% in 1949, and by 14 14%, 23 65%, 26 91%, 0 85%, 2 33%, 0 53%, 4 30%, 27 29% in 1997, respectively.

Key words: land cover and land use change, China, the 20th Cent8