地理学报

地理学报 ›› 2000, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (5): 596-606.doi: 10.11821/xb200005009

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中国农村资源、环境与发展的可持续性评估——SEEA方法及其应用

杨友孝, 蔡运龙   

  1. 北京大学城市与环境学系,北京100871
  • 收稿日期:2000-04-14 修回日期:2000-06-15 出版日期:2000-09-15 发布日期:2000-09-15
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金重点项目(49831020);国家自然科学基金项目(49871037)

Sustainable Valuation for Resources and Environment and Development in Rural China ——the SEEA and Its Application Research

YANG You xiao, CAI Yun long   

  1. Department of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
  • Received:2000-04-14 Revised:2000-06-15 Online:2000-09-15 Published:2000-09-15
  • Supported by:
    the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.49831020;National Natural Science Foundation of China.No.49871037

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摘要： 基于一体化核算体系(SystemofEnvironmental-EconomicAccounting简写为SEEA)分析1990～1996年间中国农村的资源净产值、环境净产值和真实储蓄。表明中国农村经济发展的资源与环境代价巨大。资源净产值每年损失幅度为21～1426亿元,平均占农村总产值的1.72%;环境净产值每年损失幅度为604～1059亿元,平均占农村总产值的2.33%;真实储蓄在-1283～800亿元之间变动,其中仅1990～1991年为正值,其余年份皆为负值,真实储蓄损失值平均占农村总产值的0.59%。这表明在此时期内中国农村发展不可持续。此外,分析结果也显示出了真实储蓄损失占农村总产值的比重近期内在逐年缓慢下降。

关键词: 真实储蓄, 资源净产值, 环境净产值, 可持续性, 中国农村

Abstract: Environmental and Economic Accounting （SEEA） is applied to analyze quantitative characteristics of genuine saving （ S g ）, net resource product （NRP） and net environmental product （NEP） in the rural China from 1990 to 1996. The aim of the study is to measure resource and environmental costs for economic development. The conclusions are drawn as follows: （1） The annual damage of NRP in rural China amounts to 2 1～142 6 billion yuan, which is 0 11%～3 22% of GNP in rural China. The main contributors of damage of NRP decrease sharply in cultivated and severe soil eroded area. Shortage of water and decrease of grassland harm NRP lightly. Increase of forest area and standing stock volume in some years plays a key role in making up damage of NRP. （2） The annual damage of NEP in rural China amounts to 60 4～105 9 billion yuan, which is 1 20%～4 60% of GNP in rural China. The percentage of NEP occupying GNP in rural China is 1 35 times as high as that of NRP occupying GNP in rural China. That is exposited huge damage of pollutant emissions to Chinese rural sustainable development. Emissions of SO 2 and soot damage to NEP occupy first place; liquid waste, particulates, solid waste and NO X damages to NEP follow behind it respectively. （3） The annual genuine saving in rural China amounts to -128 3～80 0 billion yuan. The genuine savings in 1990 and 1991 are positive. They are 48 1 and 80 0 billion yuan, which are 2 89% and 4 21% of GNP in rural China. The genuine savings from 1992 to 1996 became negative. The lowest damage is 87 2 billion yuan, the highest damage, 128 3 billion yuan, which is 0 98%～3 43% of GNP in rural China. Continuous negative genuine savings mean that development in Rural China is non sustainable during our research period. The 0 59% indicator of annual average damage proportion of S g in GNP in rural China and the descending trend of proportion of S g damage in GNP in rural China imply that it is possible to realize sustainable development in rural China, as long as we do our best to use natural resources without waste and to protect the environment against pollution in the process of rural development.

Key words: genuine saving, net resource product, net environmental product, sustainable development, rural China

中图分类号: 

  • F061.3