地理学报 ›› 1996, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (4): 296-305.doi: 10.11821/xb199604002

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

RS与GIS支持下的草地雪灾监测试验研究

史培军, 陈晋   

  1. 北京师范大学资源与环境科学系, 国家教委环境演变与自然灾害开放研究实验室,北京100875
  • 收稿日期:1995-04-01 修回日期:1995-12-01 出版日期:1996-07-15 发布日期:1996-07-15
  • 基金资助:
    国家“八五”科技攻关项目,国家教委博士点基金

STUDY ON MONITORING SNOW DISASTER IN LARGE AREAS SUPPORTED BY GIS AND RS

Shi Peijun, Chen Jin   

  1. Dept.of Resources and Environmental Science. Beijing Normal University,100875
  • Received:1995-04-01 Revised:1995-12-01 Online:1996-07-15 Published:1996-07-15

摘要: 冬季降雪是影响我国北方草原牧区畜牧业发展的重要因子。在草地雪灾监测和危险性评价过程中,确定积雪区域和积雪深度与牧草高度之间的关系是关键步骤。通过在内蒙古锡林郭勒草原的试验研究,可以认为:应用NOAA/AVHRR气象卫星资料确定积雪分布范围、应用地面气象站观测的降雪量资料及由DEM生成的地形参数确定积雪深度是在较大范围内进行雪灾监测的有效方法。在确定积雪分布范围时,提出并尝试应用多时相最小亮度合成法,来剔除在可见光和红外波段与积雪具有相似特征的云的干扰。文中还提出了两个主要影响积雪深度的地形参数F和R,用来刻画风对积雪量的再分配作用。通过建立地形参数、积雪深度和降雪量的统计模型即可估算积雪深度的分布。通过叠加分析研究区积雪深度图和牧草高度图进行了雪灾危险性的评价。

关键词: 雪灾监测, 积雪区域, 积雪深度, 地形参数

Abstract: Snow cover is an improtant factor influencing animal husbandry in winter in the north part of China. The relationship among grass height,snow cover area and snow depth is a key to determine the harmfulness of snow disaster.So.using NOAA/AVHRR image to get the snow cover area and using snowfall and topographic indices from DEM to measure snow depth will provide a practical way to monitor large area snow disasters. In this paper,Xilingol League in Inner Mongolia is selected as a study area,and following problems are studies:1.Clouds and snow surfaces have similar characteristics in both visible and infrared spectra.How to identify them in determining snow cover area is necessary but difficult. Multi-temporal composite technique in processing NOAA/AVHRR image is presented and testified as an effective method in this paper.2. Two topographic indices of wind sheltering fetch and relief from DEM are put forward,which are main factors influencing snow depth.Then the model of the relationship between snow cover depth and snowfall and above indices is built,and the distribution pattern of snow cover depth is revealed.3. By overlaying snow depth map and grass height map. the harmfulness of snow disaster is evaluated in the study area.

Key words: snow disaster, GIS, RS

中图分类号: 

  • S811.1