关键词: 奶业, 空间结构, 演变, 优化

Abstract: The spatial structure of milk production in Shanghai has three hierarchies:the circular distribution, the system for milk traffic and the collective-distributive network.The circular structure, centering round urban districts, divides milk production into three different circles based on structures and functions:the consumption center of fresh milk in the urban districts,the processing circle for dairy products in the rural-urban fringe area,the production circle of fresh milk in the suburb. The circular structure is the result of mutual effects of milk production and regional condition. The milk productions are connected to a whole by a milk traffic.The system for milk traffic is constituted by the original region of raw milk and dairy factory and the supply region of fresh milk.Its sector spatial character and spatial arrangement of formation in regular sequence reflect the circular sturcture of milk production.The original region of raw milk(supply region of fresh milk)is constituted by a series of collective regions of raw milk(distributive region of fresh milk).They are the two entirely diffrent areal cells functionally between the collective-distributive networks of milk production.They are service regions of collective-distributive stations of milk.The spatial structures of all hierarchies are connected and limited each other and their evolution has a synchronism. The evolution of spatial structure of milk production is circle to move out. It propels the recomposition of the system for milk traffic and the restructure of collectivedistributive network. The contradiction between the expansion of the scale and the limited capacity of the region is the impetus of evolution of the spatial structure of milk production. The difference in locational superiority causes the internal disintegration of spatial structure of every hierachies of milk production.There are three points for optimization of spatial structure of milk production in Shanghai:1.The aim of adjustment of circular structure should be to fully play the locational superiority in all the places.2. Adjustment of the system of milk traffic should be practiced together with productionsale regionalization, so as to improve transportation efficiency.3. The optimization of collective-distributive network should be distributed resonably on the base of the suitability and service radius of the collective-distribtitive stations of milk. the production density of raw milk and the consumptive density of fresh milk in all the pleces.

Key words: milk production, spatial structure, evolution, optimization