关键词: 高山苔原, 苔原带, 长白山, 景观生态, 植物群落, 地衣, 长白棘豆, 小灌木, 杜鹃, 植被层

Abstract: The alpine tundra of the Changbiashan mountains is an unique tundra landscape ever found in China. The present paper makes a comperhensive analysis of its ecolog-ical environment, plant community and ecologic characteristics.Firstly, some of the environmental factors, such as the climate, landform, and soil are analyzed. There are no trees growing in this alpine zone; the vegetation con-sists of only shrubs, subshrubs, moss and lichen with a ’few perennial herbs. The soil developed under this vegetation and the cold climate is a gley and peat formation.Secondly, according to plant species, community constituents, life form, flora, fea-tures of alpine tundra and various habitat range, the authors distinguished between 4 plant groups and 15 plant communities.Thirdly, for adapting to special ecological environment these plants develop their own distinctive ecological morphology, such as short and low stems, slow growth rate, well developed root system, short growing period, and have morphologically xeromorphic feature, bigger and bright coloured flower, etc.Tundra vegetations have the good effect of conserving water and preventing soil erosion, A thorough study of this tundra vegetation will provide valuable information both for scientific research and teaching. It will be useful too for tourist guide.