地理学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 68 ›› Issue (5): 680-693.doi: 10.11821/xb201305009

• 农业地理 • 上一篇    下一篇

近30年中国水稻种植区域与产量时空变化分析

刘珍环1, 李正国1, 唐鹏钦1, 李志鹏1, 吴文斌1, 杨鹏1, 游良志2, 唐华俊1   

  1. 1. 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业部农业信息技术重点实验室, 北京 100081;
    2. Environment and Production Technology Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, 2033K Street, NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA
  • 收稿日期:2012-11-01 修回日期:2013-01-19 出版日期:2013-05-20 发布日期:2013-05-20
  • 通讯作者: 杨鹏(1975- ), 男, 湖南冷水江人, 博士, 研究员, 主要从事全球变化与农业遥感方面的研究。E-mail: yangpeng@mail.caas.net.cn
  • 作者简介:刘珍环(1982- ), 男, 江西泰和人, 博士, 主要从事景观生态与土地利用、全球变化与农业遥感方面的研究。E-mail: zhenhuanliu@gmail.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(41171328);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(973项目)(2010CB951502)

Spatial-temporal changes of rice area and production in China during 1980-2010

LIU Zhenhuan1, LI Zhengguo1, TANG Pengqin1, LI Zhipeng1, WU Wenbin1, YANG Peng1, YOU Liangzhi2, TANG Huajun1   

  1. 1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China;
    2. Environment and Production Technology Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, 2033K Street, NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA
  • Received:2012-11-01 Revised:2013-01-19 Online:2013-05-20 Published:2013-05-20
  • Supported by:

    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41171382; National Basic Program of China (973 Program), No. 2010CB951502

摘要: 通过综合80 年代初以来的农作物面积与产量统计、耕地分布、农业灌溉分布以及作物生长适宜性分布等多源数据, 利用基于交叉信息熵原理的作物空间分配模型(Spatial Production Allocation Model, SPAM),获得了我国10 km像元尺度的水稻分布信息。在此基础上,重点分析了80 年代初以来水稻种植面积与产量的时空变化特征。总体来看,在全国水稻种植区域内发生变化的地区中有超过50%的地区水稻种植面积出现缩减态势,但仍有近70%的地区水稻产量在增加。空间变化来看,种植面积缩减主要发生在东南沿海的广东、福建和浙江等省,而增加主要出现在东北地区的吉林和黑龙江等省,我国水稻种植重心因此向东北方向迁移约230 km,产量重心向东北迁移约320 km。同时,研究还发现我国水稻种植面积变化对产量增减具有重要影响,其中产量增加表现为面积与非面积因素的共同作用,数据显示种植面积扩展对水稻增产的平均贡献率约54.5%,而在产量减少的区域,面积缩减对减产的贡献率高达80%以上。

关键词: 水稻, 作物空间分配模型, 时空变化, 中国

Abstract: Rice is one of the most important staples in China. Rice's spatial-temporal distributions, which are vital to agricultural, environmental and food security research, are affected by natural conditions as well as social-economic developments. In recent years, most of agricultural land use change studies are focused on cultivated land change and its impact, while few are focused on arable crop area change because crop sown area estimates are based on statistics by administrative units, and such data lack accurate information on spatial and temporal variations. Other estimates are based on remote sensing, such data limited by spatial resolution which is difficult to capture the finer information of crops. Thus, multi-source data integration has become an effective way to determine spatial distributions of crops. Spatial Production Allocation Model (SPAM) is a multi-source data integration model that integrated arable land distribution, administrative unit statistics of crop data, agricultural irrigation data, and crop suitable data. It applied a cross-entropy method to allocate the statistics data of crop area and production down to such a fine spatial location, such as a pixel. This research uses the SPAM-China model to get a series of spatial distributions of rice area and production with a 10-km pixel at national scale, based on long-term county-and province-level agricultural statistics since the early 1980s, and then, analyzes the pattern of spatial and temporal changes. The results show that there are significant changes in rice in China during 1980-2010. Overall, more than 50% of rice area decreased, while nearly 70% of rice production increased in the change region during 1980-2010. Spatially, most of the increased area and production were in Northeast China, especially, in Jilin and Heilongjiang, most of the decreased area and production were located in southeastern China, especially, in rapidly urbanized provinces of Guangdong, Fujian and Zhejiang. Thus, the centroid of rice area was moved to northeast approximately 230 km since 1980, and rice production around 320 km, which means rice production moves northeastward faster than rice area because of the significant rice yield increase in Northeast China. The results also show that rice area change has a decisive impact on rice production change. Approximately 54.5% of the increase in rice production is due to the expansion of sown area, while around 83.2% of the decrease in rice production is due to shrinkage of rice area. This implies that rice production increased may be due to area expansion and other non-area factors, but reduced rice production could largely be attributed to rice area decrease.

Key words: rice distribution, spatial production allocation model, spatial-temporal changes, China