泾河上游流域实际蒸散量及其各组分的估算

doi:10.11821/xb201103011

地理学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 66 ›› Issue (3): 385-395.doi: 10.11821/xb201103011

泾河上游流域实际蒸散量及其各组分的估算

张淑兰¹, 于澎涛¹, 王彦辉¹, 张海军², Valentina Krysanova³, HUANG Shaochun³, 熊伟¹, 徐丽宏¹

1. 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所，北京100091;
2. 佳木斯大学生命科学学院，黑龙江佳木斯154007;
3. Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, P.O.Box 601 203, Telegrafenberg, D-14412, Potsdam, Germany

收稿日期:2010-11-15 修回日期:2010-12-21 出版日期:2011-03-20 发布日期:2011-03-20
通讯作者: 于澎涛(1970-), 女, (蒙古族), 内蒙古自治区开鲁县人, 副研究员, 博士, 中国地理学会会员(S110004402M), 主要从事森林水文及模型应用研究。E-mail: yupt@caf.ac.cn
作者简介:张淑兰(1980-), 女, 河北省滦南县人, 博士生, 主要从事森林生态、水文与水资源管理研究。E-mail: zhangshulan1980@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(40730631; 41071023); 林业公益性行业科研专项经费项目(200904056; 200904005);中国林科院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(CAFYBB2007038; CAFYBB2010001-02);国家林业局六盘山森林定位站和森林生态环境重点开放性实验室资助

Estimation of Actual Evapotranspiration and Its Component in the Upstream of Jinghe Basin

ZHANG Shulan¹, YU Pengtao¹, WANG Yanhui¹, ZHANG Haijun², Valentina Krysanova³, HUANG Shaochun³, XIONGWei¹, XU Lihong¹

1. The Research Institute of Forestry Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China;
2. College of Life Science, Jiamusi University, Heilongjiang, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China;
3. Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, P.O.Box 601 203, Telegrafenberg, D-14412, Potsdam, Germany

Received:2010-11-15 Revised:2010-12-21 Online:2011-03-20 Published:2011-03-20
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation, No.40730631; No.41071023; Forestry Industry Research Special Funds for Public Welfare Projects, No.200904056; No.200904005; Special Funds Projects for Basic Scientific Research Business Expenses of Central Public Welfare Research Institutes in Chinese Academy of Forestry, No.CAFYBB2007038; No. CAFYBB2010001-02; The Forest Orientation Station for Liupan Mountain State of Forestry Administration and Forest Ecological Environment Key Open Lab Funding

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用分布式生态水文模型SWIM，基于泾河上游(泾川测站以上) 植被、土壤、气象和水文数据对研究区进行了水文过程的模拟，从而估算了流域的实际蒸散量及其各组分。结果表明：SWIM模型能够较好的模拟泾河上游流域的水文过程，模拟的流域多年(1997-2003 年) 平均实际蒸散量为443 mm，其中土壤蒸发量为259 mm，植被蒸腾量为157 mm，冠层截持量为27 mm。石质山区的森林覆盖区和非森林地的年蒸散总量在整个流域分别具有最大值和最小值，为484 mm和418 mm；黄土区实际蒸散量介于二者之间，平均为447 mm。森林覆盖地区土壤蒸发明显小于其它区域，而蒸腾和冠层截留明显大于其它区域。年内蒸散量主要集中在5-8 月份，占全年总蒸散量的60%，且冠层蒸散比例较大达63%。整个流域湿润年份较干旱年份蒸散量增加了78 mm，其中土壤蒸发增加最多，其次是冠层蒸腾，冠层截留蒸发最小。

关键词: SWIM模型, 实际蒸散, 时空格局, 泾河, 甘肃

Abstract: The ecohydrological model SWIM was used to simulate the hydrological process based on the data of vegetation, soil, climate, hydrology in the upstream of Jinghe River located at the Jingchuan station, and actual evapotranspiration and its components were estimated. The result showed that SWIM model was applicable to this area, and the average annual actual evapotranspiration (AET) was 443 mm from 1997 to 2003 in the watershed, with soil evaporation being 259 mm, vegetation transpiration 157 mm, and canopy interception 27 mm. In the watershed, the AET of the forest and non-forest area in rocky mountain was 484 mm in maximum and 418 mm in minimum respectively. And the AET of loess area was 447 mm lower than that of forest area and higher than that of non-forest area in rocky mountain. In addition, soil evaporation in forest area was significantly low, while the transpiration and canopy interception in the area were obviously high in the watershed. The inter-annual AET mainly occurred in the period from May to August, which was 60% of the total annual AET, with the great proportion 63% of canopy evapotanspiration. The AET of wet year increased by 78 mm compared with that of dry year, among which, soil evaporation increased greatest, followed by transpiration and canopy interception.

Key words: SWIM model, actual evapotranspiration, spatio-temporal pattern, Jinghe River, Gansu

张淑兰, 于澎涛, 王彦辉, 张海军, Valentina Krysanova, HUANG Shaochun, 熊伟, 徐丽宏. 泾河上游流域实际蒸散量及其各组分的估算[J]. 地理学报, 2011, 66(3): 385-395.

ZHANG Shulan, YU Pengtao, WANG Yanhui, ZHANG Haijun, Valentina Krysanova, HUANG Shaochun, XIONGWei, XU Lihong. Estimation of Actual Evapotranspiration and Its Component in the Upstream of Jinghe Basin[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66(3): 385-395.

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泾河上游流域实际蒸散量及其各组分的估算

Estimation of Actual Evapotranspiration and Its Component in the Upstream of Jinghe Basin

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