地理学报

地理学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 68 ›› Issue (3): 365-371.doi: 10.11821/xb201303007

• 水文与水资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

怒江流域悬移质输沙时空分布特征及变化趋势

刘新有1,2, 何大明1   

  1. 1. 云南大学亚洲国际河流中心、云南省国际河流与跨境生态安全重点实验室, 昆明 650091;
    2. 云南省水文水资源局, 昆明 650106
  • 收稿日期:2012-10-22 修回日期:2012-12-10 出版日期:2013-03-20 发布日期:2013-03-20
  • 通讯作者: 何大明(1958-), 教授/博导, 中国地理学会会员(S110000355M), 主要从事国际河流、跨境生态安全等研究.E-mail: dmhe@ynu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:刘新有(1981-), 工程师, 博士生, 主要从事水文水资源研究.E-mail: xyliu1981@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金重点项目(U1202232); “十二五”国家科技支撑计划重大项目(2010BAE00739); 国家自然科学基金项目(41061010)

Temporal and spatial distribution and its change trend of suspended sediment transport in the Nujiang River Basin

LIU Xinyou1,2, HE Daming1   

  1. 1. Asian International Rivers Center, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China;
    2. Yunnan Bureau of Hydrology and Water Resources Manage, Kunming 650106, China
  • Received:2012-10-22 Revised:2012-12-10 Online:2013-03-20 Published:2013-03-20
  • Supported by:

    The Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.U1202232; National Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-year Plan Period, No.2010BAE00739; National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41061010

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摘要： 利用怒江—萨尔温江上游地区怒江流域5 个水文站长序列日悬移质输沙与径流观测记录,运用Mann-Kendall 检验和R/S 分析等方法,分析了50 多年来(1956-2011) 怒江干流和支流南汀河输沙时空格局和变化特征及其与径流的关系.结果表明：(1) 怒江干流平均含沙量和输沙模数远小于支流南汀河,流域悬移质输沙率年际变异系数随控制面积增大而减小;(2) 怒江干流木城站悬移质输沙率小于其上游道街坝站,部分泥沙淤积在区间河床可能是其原因之一;(3) 怒江流域悬移质输沙年内分配极不均匀,干流悬移质输沙集中程度在月以上时间尺度高于支流南汀河,而在日时间尺度则低于支流南汀河;(4) 怒江干流和支流南汀河悬移质输沙率均呈明显上升趋势,且未来仍将延续上升趋势,二者的突变分别始于1987 年和1980 年;(5) 怒江干流中上游悬移质输沙与径流的相关性不显著,中下游、下游以及支流南汀河悬移质输沙与径流的相关性均显著.

关键词: 悬移质输沙, 怒江, 纵向岭谷区

Abstract: Based on the long record of daily suspended sediment transport and runoff at the five hydrological gauge stations in the Nujiang River Basin, using the Mann-Kendall test and R/S (Rescaled Range Analysis) methods, this paper analyzed the spatial and temporal distributions, the change trend of sediment transport and its relationship with runoff in the basin from 1956 to 2011. The results showed that: (1) The average sediment concentration and sediment transport modulus of the Nanting tributary was much greater than those in the mainstream, and the inter-annual coefficient of variation of suspended sediment transport rate decreased with the increase of its catchment area; (2) In the Nujiang mainstream, the suspended sediment transport rate at Mucheng station is smaller than that at Daojieba station in the upstream, indicating that a part of sediment deposition in the river bed with the decline of river gradient may be one of the reasons for this phenomenon; (3) The annual distribution of suspended sediment transport in the Nujiang River was very uneven, and its concentration in the mainstream was higher than that in the Nanting tributary at the month scale but lower at the daily scale; (4) The suspended sediment transport rate showed a significantly increasing trend both in the mainstream and the Nanting tributary, and their mutagenesis started respectively in 1987 and 1980; (5) The relationship between suspended sediment transport and runoff was not significant in the upstream of Nujiang River, but significant in the middle and lower mainstream and Nanting tributary.

Key words: suspended sediment transport, Nujiang River, Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region