三江源气候变化及其对径流的驱动分析

doi:10.11821/xb201101002

地理学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 66 ›› Issue (1): 13-24.doi: 10.11821/xb201101002

三江源气候变化及其对径流的驱动分析

张士锋¹, 华东^1,2, 孟秀敬^1,2, 张永勇¹

1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所，北京100101;
2. 中国科学院研究生院，北京100049

收稿日期:2010-08-28 修回日期:2010-11-10 出版日期:2011-01-25 发布日期:2011-01-25
作者简介:张士锋, 男, 博士, 副研究员, 中国地理学会会员(S110001622M), 主要从事水文学与水资源研究。E-mail: zhangsf@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家重点基础发展计划(973 计划) (2009)

Climate Change and Its Driving Effect on the Runoff in the "Three-River Headwaters" Region

ZHANG Shifeng¹, HUA Dong^1,2, MENG Xiujing^1,2, ZHANG Yongyong¹

1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China;
2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2010-08-28 Revised:2010-11-10 Online:2011-01-25 Published:2011-01-25
Supported by:
National Key Development Project (973 Plan), 2009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以1965-2004 年三江源地区12 个气象台站的降水和气温资料以及长江源区直门达、黄河源区唐乃亥和澜沧江源区昌都水文站的径流资料为基础，分析三江源地区的降水、气温和径流的变化趋势，并采用Mann-Kendall-Sneyers 方法进行趋势显著性检验；采用Makkink 公式计算三江源区12 个气象站点的潜在蒸发，建立三江源区降水和潜在蒸发对径流的驱动模型，并对气候变化(降水和气温的变化) 对径流的驱动进行情景分析。研究表明：1965-2004 年三江源区气温升高，径流减少，并且气温和径流都在1994 年发生突变，但降水的变化趋势不明显。降水和潜在蒸发对径流深的驱动模型表明三江源区降水对径流起正向的驱动作用，潜在蒸发对径流起负向的驱动作用，具体来说，澜沧江源区潜在蒸发对径流的驱动力最大，长江源区次之，黄河源区最小。借助驱动模型对三江源气候变化(降水和气温的变化) 对径流的影响进行情景分析，结果显示，降水和气温对径流的驱动在总体上虽然分别是正、负方向上的驱动，但在具体情景下其各自的驱动作用又呈现出波动的特征。

关键词: 三江源, 气候变化, Makkink公式, 驱动模型, 情景分析

Abstract: Based on the precipitation and temperature data of the 12 meteorological stations in the "Three-River Headwaters" region and the observed runoff data of Zhimenda in the Source Region of the Yangtze River, Tangnag in the source region of the Yellow River and Qamdo in the source of Lancang River during the period of 1965-2004, this paper analyses the trends of precipitation, temperature, runoff depth and carries out significance tests by means of Mann-Kendall-Sneyers sequential trend test. Makkink model was applied to calculate the potential evaporation. The runoff model driven by precipitation and potential evaporation was developed and the influence of climate change on runoff is simulated under different scenarios. Results show that during the period of 1965-2004 the temperature of the "Three-River Headwaters" region was increasing, the runoff of the three hydrological stations was decreasing. Both of them had abrupt changes in 1994, and no significant trend changes happened to the precipitation. The runoff model suggests that the precipitation exerted positive effect on the runoff depth, while the potential evaporation played a negative role. The influence of the potential evaporation on the runoff depth of the Lancang River is found to be the most; for the Yangtze River, it is less, and for the Yellow River, it is the least.

Key words: the "Three-River Headwaters", region, climate change, Makkink model, driving, model, scenarios analysis

张士锋, 华东, 孟秀敬, 张永勇. 三江源气候变化及其对径流的驱动分析[J]. 地理学报, 2011, 66(1): 13-24.

ZHANG Shifeng, HUA Dong, MENG Xiujing, ZHANG Yongyong. Climate Change and Its Driving Effect on the Runoff in the "Three-River Headwaters" Region[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66(1): 13-24.

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三江源气候变化及其对径流的驱动分析

Climate Change and Its Driving Effect on the Runoff in the "Three-River Headwaters" Region

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