中国特大城市空间形态变化的时空特征

doi:10.11821/xb200503005

地理学报 ›› 2005, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (3): 392-400.doi: 10.11821/xb200503005

中国特大城市空间形态变化的时空特征

王新生^1,2,3, 刘纪远², 庄大方², 王黎明²

1. 湖北大学资源环境学院, 武汉 430062;
2. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101;
3. 武汉大学资源与环境科学学院, 武汉 430079

收稿日期:2004-11-15 修回日期:2005-02-21 出版日期:2005-05-25 发布日期:2005-05-25
作者简介:王新生 (1965-), 男, 安徽太湖人, 博士, 教授, 中国地理学会会员, 主要从事地理信息系统应用、城市与区域规划和LUCC研究。E-mail: wxs818@163.net, wangxsh@lreis.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目 (90202002)

Spatial-temporal Changes of Urban Spatial Morphology in China

WANG Xinsheng^1,2,3, LIU Jiyuan², ZHUANG Dafang², WANG Liming²

1. School of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China;
2. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China;
3. School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China

Received:2004-11-15 Revised:2005-02-21 Online:2005-05-25 Published:2005-05-25
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.90202002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于国家资源环境数据库动态土地利用数据, 借助GIS软件支持, 分别计算了1990年和2000年中国31个特大城市平面轮廓形状的分维、紧凑度和形状指数以及城市的用地扩展类型。结果表明, 从1990年到2000年, 中国31个特大城市空间形态的总体变化趋势是, 城市用地空间扩展类型以填充类型为主, 外延类型相对较少且主要发生在发展限制较小的平原地区。总体上, 分维呈减少趋势且南方城市大于北方城市, 形状指数有减少, 城市空间形状有紧凑化趋势。综观1990年和2000年中国31个城市的分维、紧凑度和形状指数的数据, 可以看出广州、南昌、济南、成都、北京和上海等城市形状变化比较大, 而兰州、太原和唐山等城市形状变化很小。若用地扩展为填充类型, 则分维减少, 紧凑性增加, 形状指数减少;相反, 若用地扩展为外延类型, 分维增加, 紧凑性降低, 形状指数增加。

关键词: 城市空间形态, 分维, 紧凑度, 形状指数, 城市用地扩展类型, 中国

Abstract:

Fractal dimensions, compact ratios, shape indices and types of urban land expansion of 31 Chinese cities in 1990 and 2000 were computed by using dynamic land-use data from the National Resources and Environmental Database established by the IGSNRR, CAS. The results show, during the period from 1990 to 2000, that the type of urban land expansion belongs mostly to the 'extension' types and the cities with the 'filling' land expansion are almost located in the flat regions. Generally, fractal dimensions of 31 Chinese cities were inclined to reduce and fractal dimensions of the southern cities are more than those of the northern cities, compact ratios of most of the cities increased, urban shape indices of most of the cities decreased, during the period from 1990 to 2000. In all the 31 cities, the changes in the planar configurations of Guangzhou, Nanchang, Jinan, Chengdu, Beijing and Shanghai are the greatest, while the changes of Lanzhou, Taiyuan and Tangshan's configurations are the least. Such a simple rule is revealed that the fractal dimensions would reduce, compact ratio would increase and shape index would decrease if the type of urban land expansion belongs to the 'filling' type and vice versa.

Key words: urban spatial morphology, fractal dimension, compact ratio, shape index, type of urban land expansion, China

王新生, 刘纪远, 庄大方, 王黎明. 中国特大城市空间形态变化的时空特征[J]. 地理学报, 2005, 60(3): 392-400.

WANG Xinsheng, LIU Jiyuan, ZHUANG Dafang, WANG Liming. Spatial-temporal Changes of Urban Spatial Morphology in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2005, 60(3): 392-400.

参考文献

[1] Yan Xiaopei, Lin Zhangping. The change of spatial disparities of urban development in China, 1990s. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2004, 59(3): 445-453.
[闫小培, 林彰平. 20世纪90年代中国城市发展空间变异变动分析. 地理学报, 2004, 59(3): 445-453.]

[2] Xu Jianhua, Yue Wenze, Tan Wenqi. Statistical study on spatial scaling effects of urban landscape pattern. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2004, 59(6): 1058-1067.
[徐建华, 岳文泽, 谈文琦. 城市景观格局尺度效益的空间统计规律. 地理学报, 2004, 59(6): 1058-1067.]

[3] Zheng Xin, Lin Lin. A review of studies on the urban morphology since 1990s. City Planning Review, 2002, 26(7): 59-64.
[郑莘, 林琳. 1990年以来国内城市形态研究述评. 城市规划, 2002, 26(7): 59-64.]

[4] Liu Jiyuan, Liu Mingliang, Zhuang Dafang et al. Spatial pattern analysis of Chinese modern land use change. Science in China (Series D), 2002, 32(12): 1031-1040.
[刘纪远, 刘明亮, 庄大方等. 中国近期土地利用变化的空间格局分析. 中国科学(D辑), 2002, 32(12): 1031-1040.]

[5] Benguigui L, Czamanski D. Simulation analysis of the fractality of cities. Geographical Analysis, 2004, 36(1): 69-84.

[6] Keersmaeeker M L D, Frankhauser P, Thomas I. Using fractal dimensions for characterizing intra-urban diversity: the example of Brussels. Geographical Analysis, 2003, 35(4): 310-328.

[7] Shen G. Fractal dimension and fractal growth of urbanized areas. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 2002, 16(5): 419-437.

[8] Chen Yanguang, Liu Jisheng. An index of equilibrium of urban land-use structure and information dimension of urban form. Geographical Research, 2001, 20(2): 146-152.
[陈彦光, 刘继生. 城市土地利用结构和形态的定量描述: 从信息墒到分维. 地理研究, 2001, 20(2): 146-152.]

[9] Gert D R. Environmental conflicts in compact cities: complexity, decisionmaking, and policy approaches. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 2000, 27(2): 151-162.

[10] Leorey O M, Nariida C S. A framework for linking urban form and air quality. Environmental Modelling & Software, 1999, 14: 541-548.

[11] Liu Jiyuan, Wang Xinsheng, Zhuang Dafang et al. Application of convex hull in identifying the types of urban land expansion. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2003, 58(6): 885-892.
[刘纪远, 王新生, 庄大方等. 凸壳原理用于城市用地空间扩展类型识别. 地理学报, 2003, 58(6): 885-892.]

[12] Roberto C, Maria C G, Paolo R. Urban mobility and urban form: the social and environmental costs of different patterns of urban expansion. Ecological Economics, 40(3): 199-216.

[13] Stephan P, Friedrich D. Assessing the environmental performance of land cover types for urban planning. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2001, 52(1): 1-20.

[14] Boyce R R, Clark W A V. The concept of shape in geography. The Geographical Review, 1964, 54: 561-572.

[15] Lo C P. Changes of the shapes of Chinese cities, 1934-1974. Professional Geographer, 1980, 32(2): 173-183.

[16] Medda F, Nijkamp P, Rietveld P. Recognition and classification of urban shapes. Geographical Analysis, 1998, 30(3): 304-314.

[17] Wentz E A. A shape definition for geographic applications based on edge, elongation, and perforation. Geographical Analysis, 2000, 32(1): 95-112.

[18] Whitford V, Ennos A R, Handley J F. "City form and natural process": indicators for the ecological performance of urban areas and their application to Merseyside, UK. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2001, 57(2): 91-103.

[19] Griffith D A, O'neill M P, O'neill W A et al. Shape indices: useful measures or red herrings? Professional Geographer, 1986, 38(3): 263-270.

[20] Liu Shenghe, Wu Chuanjun, Shen Hongquan. A GIS based model of urban land use growth in Beijing. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2000, 55(4): 407-416.
[刘盛和, 吴传钧, 沈洪泉. 基于GIS的北京城市土地利用扩展模式. 地理学报, 2000, 55(4): 407-416.]

[21] Longley P A, Batty M. On the fractal measurement of geographical boundaries. Geographical Analysis, 1989, 21(1): 47-67.

[22] Longley P A, Batty M. Fractal measurement and line generalization. Computers & Geosciences, 1989, 15(2): 167-183.

中国特大城市空间形态变化的时空特征

Spatial-temporal Changes of Urban Spatial Morphology in China

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	古恒宇, 沈体雁. 中国高学历人才的空间演化特征及驱动因素[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(2): 326-340.
[2]	朱晟君, 金文纨. 地方出口产品结构及制度环境与企业出口相关多样化[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(2): 398-414.
[3]	李钢, 薛淑艳, 马雪瑶, 周俊俊, 徐婷婷, 王皎贝. 中国失踪人口的时空格局演变与形成机制[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(2): 310-325.
[4]	葛全胜, 朱会义. 两千年来中国自然与人文地理环境变迁及启示[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(1): 3-14.
[5]	张兴航, 张百平, 王晶, 余付勤, 赵超, 姚永慧. 中国南北过渡带东段样带植被序列与气候分界问题[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(1): 30-43.
[6]	李哲, 丁永建, 陈艾姣, 张智华, 张世强. 1960—2019年西北地区气候变化中的Hiatus现象及特征[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(9): 1845-1859.
[7]	郭泽呈, 魏伟, 石培基, 周亮, 王旭峰, 李振亚, 庞素菲, 颉斌斌. 中国西北干旱区土地沙漠化敏感性时空格局[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(9): 1948-1965.
[8]	敖荣军, 常亮. 基于结构方程模型的中国县域人口老龄化影响机制[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(8): 1572-1584.
[9]	宋周莺, 祝巧玲. 中国边境地区的城镇化格局及其驱动力[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(8): 1603-1616.
[10]	马春玥, 买买提·沙吾提, 姚杰, 古丽努尔·依沙克. 1950—2015年中国棉花生产时空动态变化[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(8): 1699-1710.
[11]	郑景云, 张学珍, 刘洋, 郝志新. 过去千年中国不同区域干湿的多尺度变化特征评估[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(7): 1432-1450.
[12]	陶泽兴, 葛全胜, 王焕炯. 1963—2018年中国垂柳和榆树开花始期积温需求的时空变化[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(7): 1451-1464.
[13]	瞿诗进, 胡守庚, 李全峰. 中国城市建设用地转型阶段及其空间格局[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(7): 1539-1553.
[14]	魏素豪, 李晶, 李泽怡, 宗刚. 中国农业竞争力时空格局演化及其影响因素[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(6): 1287-1300.
[15]	王少剑, 高爽, 黄永源, 史晨怡. 基于超效率SBM模型的中国城市碳排放绩效时空演变格局及预测[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(6): 1316-1330.