地理学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 66 ›› Issue (2): 235-243.doi: 10.11821/xb201102009
石培华1,2, 吴普2
收稿日期:
2010-03-09
修回日期:
2010-11-20
出版日期:
2011-02-20
发布日期:
2011-02-20
通讯作者:
吴普, 助理研究员, 中国旅游研究院, 主要研究方向: 旅游气候、旅游规划与区域发展。 E-mail: pwu@cnta.gov.cn
作者简介:
石培华, 北京交通大学教授, 中国旅游研究院副院长。E-mail: phshi@cnta.gov.cn
基金资助:
国家旅游局重点项目(10TAAK007)
SHI Peihua1,2, WU Pu2
Received:
2010-03-09
Revised:
2010-11-20
Online:
2011-02-20
Published:
2011-02-20
Supported by:
The Key Project of China National Tourism Administration, No.10TAAK007
摘要: 随着旅游产业规模的不断壮大,旅游业对气候、环境的影响日益引起国际机构和社会各界 的关注。旅游业能源利用及二氧化碳排放是旅游对环境影响的重要驱动力之一,成为近5 年来 世界旅游研究的新兴热点。旅游产业特点决定了旅游业能源消耗和二氧化碳排放量的测算是 个世界性的难题。本文采用“自下而上”法,通过文献研究与数理统计方法,首次系统估算中国 旅游业能源消耗和二氧化碳排放量。结果表明,2008 年,中国旅游业消耗能源428.30 PJ,占中国 能源总消耗量的0.51%;排放二氧化碳51.34 Mt,占全国二氧化碳总排放量的0.86%。旅游业是 低耗能、低排放、低碳产业,是应对气候变化和节能减排的优势产业,应该成为低碳经济发展的 重要领域。
石培华, 吴普. 中国旅游业能源消耗与CO2排放量的初步估算[J]. 地理学报, 2011, 66(2): 235-243.
SHI Peihua, WU Pu. A Rough Estimation of Energy Consumption and CO2 Emission in Tourism Sector of China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66(2): 235-243.
[1] Liu Yanhua, Ge Quansheng, He Fanneng et al. Countermeasures against international pressure of reducing CO2 emissionsand analysis on China's potential of CO2 emission reduction. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2008, 63(7): 675-682. [刘燕华, 葛全胜, 何凡能等. 应对国际CO2减排压力的途径及我国减排潜力分析. 地理学报, 2008, 63(7): 675-682.][2] China Energy Conservation Investment Corporation. The Development Report on China's Energy Saving and EmissionReduction: Towards the New Era of Low-Carbon Economy. Beijing: China Waterpower Press, 2009: 14. [中国节能投资公司. 中国节能减排产业发展报告: 迎接低碳经济新时代. 北京: 中国水利水电出版社, 2009: 14.][3] UNWTO. Towards a low carbon travel & tourism sector. Report inWorld Economic Forum, 2009: 3-36.[4] Gössling S. Global environmental consequences of tourism. Global Environmental Change, 2002, 12(4): 283-302.[5] Kuo N, Chen P. Quantifying energy use, carbon dioxide emission, and other environmental loads from island tourism basedon a life cycle assessment approach. Journal of cleaner production, 2009, (17): 1324-1330.[6] Becken S, Simmons D G. Understanding energy consumption patterns of tourist attractions and activities in New Zealand.Tourism Management, 2002, (23): 343-354.[7] Song Zengwen. A research on industrial correlation of China's tourism industry: Based on the input-output model. TourismScience, 2007, 21(2): 7-12. [宋增文. 基于投入产出模型的中国旅游业产业关联度研究. 旅游科学, 2007, 21(2): 7-12.][8] Becken S, Hay J E. Tourism and Climate Change: Risks and Opportunities. Clevedon: Channel View Publications, 2007:13-82.[9] Gössling S, Peeters P, Ceron J P et al. The eco-efficiency of tourism. Ecological Economics, 2005, 54: 417-434.[10] Peeters P. Climate change, leisure-related tourism and global transport//Hall C M, Higham J. Tourism, Recreation andClimate Change. Clevedon: Channel View Publications, 2005: 247-259.[11] China Statistics Yearbook 2009. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2009. [中国统计年鉴2009. 北京: 中国统计出版社,2009.][12] Schafer A. Regularities in travel demand: An international perspective. Journal of Transportation and Statistics, 2000: 1-31.[13] Schafer A, Victor D G. Global passenger travel: Implications for carbon dioxide emissions. Energy, 1999, 24: 657-679.[14] Becken S. Vergleich der Energieintensit?t zweier verschiedener Reisestile. Tourismus Journal, 2001, 5(2): 227-246.[15] Carlsson-Kanyama A, Lindén A L. Travel patterns and environmental effects now and in the future: Implications of differences in energy consumption among socio-economic groups. Ecological Economics, 1999, (30): 405-417.[16] Lenzen M. Total requirements of energy and greenhouse gases for Australian transport. Transportation Research D, 1999,(4): 265-290.[17] Becken S, Frampton C, Simmons D. Energy consumption patterns in the accommodation sector: The New Zealand case.Ecological Economics, 2001, (39): 371-386.[18] National Tourism Administration of the People's Republic of China. The Yearbook of China Tourism Statistics(supplement). Beijing: China Tourism Press, 2009. [中华人民共和国国家旅游局. 中国旅游统计年鉴(副本). 北京: 中国旅游出版社, 2009.][19] Simmons C, Lewis K. Take only memories leave nothing but footprints. An ecological footprint analysis of two packageholidays. Rough Draft Report. Oxford: Best Foot Forward Limited, 2001.[20] Burnett J. Implementing energy efficiency and water conservation in the hotel industry. Hong Kong Hotel AssociationSeminar on Corporate Commitment to Energy Conservation, September 1994, Hong Kong.[21] UK Centre for Economic and Environmental Development (UK CEED). A Life-Cycle Analysis of a Holiday Destination:Seychelles. Report No.41/94, British Airways Environment. Cambridge, UK CEED, 1994.[22] Gössling S. Tourism, environmental degradation and economic transition: Interacting processes in a Tanzanian coastalcommunity. Tourism Geographies, 2001, 3(4): 230-254.[23] Gössling S. The consequences of tourism for sustainable water use on a tropical island: Zanzibar, Tanzania. Journal ofEnvironmental Management, 2001, 61(2): 179-191.[24] Brunotte M. Energiekennzahlen für den Kleinverbrauch. Studie im Auftrag des?ko-Instituts. Freiburg, Germany, 1993.[25] Becken S. Analysing international tourist flows to estimate energy use associated with air travel. Journal of SustainableTourism, 2002, (10): 114-131.[26] Becken S, Simmons D G, Frampton C. Energy use associated with different travel choices. Tourism Management, 2003,24: 267-277.[27] Dubois G, Ceron J P. Tourism/leisure greenhouse gas emissions forecasts for 2050: Factors for change in France. Journalof Sustainable Tourism, 2006, 14: 172-191.[28] El-Fadel M, Bou-Zeid E. Transportation GHG emissions in developing countries: The case of Lebanon. TransportationResearch Part D: Transport and Environment, 1999, (4): 251-264.[29] Kwon T H. Decomposition of factors determining the trend of CO2 emissions from car travel in Great Britain (1970-2000).Ecological Economics, 2005, 53: 261-275.[30] Yedla S, Shrestha R M, Anandarajah G. Environmentally sustainable urban transportation-comparative analysis of localemission mitigation strategies vis-a-vis GHG mitigation strategies. Transport Policy, 2005, 12: 245-254.[31] Becken S, Simmons D. Tourism, fossil fuel consumption and the impact on the global climate//Hall C M, Higham J.Tourism, Recreation and Climate Change. Clevedon: Channel View, 2005: 192-206.[32] National Tourism Administration of the People's Republic of China. Statistics of Tourism Sampling Survey. Beijing: ChinaTourism Press, 2009. [中华人民共和国国家旅游局. 旅游抽样调查资料. 北京: 中国旅游出版社, 2009.][33] Shi Peihua, Wu Pu. Basic thinking and the key measures of low carbon tourism development. China Tourism Newspaper,2010-01-19. [石培华, 吴普. 发展低碳旅游的基本思路与重点举措. 中国旅游报, 2010-01-19.][34] Shi Peihua, Feng Ling, Wu Pu et al. Energy Saving and Emission Reduction in Tourism and the Development of LowCarbon Tourism: Policy System and the Guide of Practical Work. Beijing: China Tourism Press, 2010: 37-41. [石培华, 冯凌, 吴普等. 旅游业节能减排与低碳发展: 政策技术体系与实践工作指南. 北京: 中国旅游出版社, 2010: 37-41.] |
[1] | 古恒宇, 沈体雁. 中国高学历人才的空间演化特征及驱动因素[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(2): 326-340. |
[2] | 朱晟君, 金文纨. 地方出口产品结构及制度环境与企业出口相关多样化[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(2): 398-414. |
[3] | 李钢, 薛淑艳, 马雪瑶, 周俊俊, 徐婷婷, 王皎贝. 中国失踪人口的时空格局演变与形成机制[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(2): 310-325. |
[4] | 葛全胜, 朱会义. 两千年来中国自然与人文地理环境变迁及启示[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(1): 3-14. |
[5] | 张兴航, 张百平, 王晶, 余付勤, 赵超, 姚永慧. 中国南北过渡带东段样带植被序列与气候分界问题[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(1): 30-43. |
[6] | 李哲, 丁永建, 陈艾姣, 张智华, 张世强. 1960—2019年西北地区气候变化中的Hiatus现象及特征[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(9): 1845-1859. |
[7] | 郭泽呈, 魏伟, 石培基, 周亮, 王旭峰, 李振亚, 庞素菲, 颉斌斌. 中国西北干旱区土地沙漠化敏感性时空格局[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(9): 1948-1965. |
[8] | 敖荣军, 常亮. 基于结构方程模型的中国县域人口老龄化影响机制[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(8): 1572-1584. |
[9] | 宋周莺, 祝巧玲. 中国边境地区的城镇化格局及其驱动力[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(8): 1603-1616. |
[10] | 马春玥, 买买提·沙吾提, 姚杰, 古丽努尔·依沙克. 1950—2015年中国棉花生产时空动态变化[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(8): 1699-1710. |
[11] | 郑景云, 张学珍, 刘洋, 郝志新. 过去千年中国不同区域干湿的多尺度变化特征评估[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(7): 1432-1450. |
[12] | 陶泽兴, 葛全胜, 王焕炯. 1963—2018年中国垂柳和榆树开花始期积温需求的时空变化[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(7): 1451-1464. |
[13] | 瞿诗进, 胡守庚, 李全峰. 中国城市建设用地转型阶段及其空间格局[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(7): 1539-1553. |
[14] | 葛全胜, 方创琳, 江东. 美丽中国建设的地理学使命与人地系统耦合路径[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(6): 1109-1119. |
[15] | 魏素豪, 李晶, 李泽怡, 宗刚. 中国农业竞争力时空格局演化及其影响因素[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(6): 1287-1300. |